政策工具视角下流动儿童义务教育财政责任分担研究

A Study on Sharing of Compulsory Educational Finance for Migrant Children from the Perspective of Policy Instrument

政策工具是政府在执行相关政策、解决社会公共问题时所采用的方法或机制,施耐德和英格拉姆的政策工具分类为剖析流动儿童义务教育财政分担提供了理论框架。在流动儿童义务教育财政责任分担的演进过程中,权威型、能力型、诱导型、符号劝诫型和学习型等五种政策工具相互作用,共同构成了政策执行时复杂的运作系统,但五种政策工具的使用频率、作用方式、目标群体、目的与地位迥然相异。对不同政策工具的组合使用情况进行比较,发现政策执行中多级政府、公民办学校与家长社会等多方主体间力量不均衡。未来的政策应减少行政命令,善用"保健"与"激励";开发新型政策工具,创新工具作用方式;宣扬价值理性,净化政策工具实施环境。

Policy instrument means the method or mechanism used to implement relevant policies and solve public problems.Schneider and Ingram’s classification of policy instrument provides a theoretical framework for analyzing the sharing of compulsory educational finance for migrant children.In the process of financial sharing,the interaction of authoritative,capable,inductive,symbolic and learning instrument shapes the complex operation system of policy implementation.However,their frequency,mode of action,applicable groups,purpose and status are very different.Comparing the combined use of different policy instruments,it is evident to discover the power imbalance in different levels of government,public and private schools,parents and the whole society.In the future,it is important to reduce administrative orders and make the best use of security and incentives,develop new policy instruments and innovate the ways in which they function and promote value rationality and purify the implementation environment of policy instruments.