新兵下肢训练伤现状调查及影响因素分析

Investigation and analysis of influencing factors of lower limb training injury of recruits

目的调查分析新兵下肢训练伤的发生现状并探讨相关的影响因素。方法采用整群抽样法抽取1400名于北京地区参与2021年度秋季新训的新兵为研究对象。通过问卷调查对新兵的个人情况及发生训练伤情况进行统计。分析新兵下肢训练伤发生的特点,并采用多因素Logistic回归分析法分析训练伤发生的独立危险因素。结果回收问卷1376份,军事训练伤发生率为22.17%(305/1376)。共有247名新兵至少出现1次下肢训练伤,总计下肢训练伤发生329人次。下肢训练伤发生部位以膝关节、踝关节为主,分别占26%(85/329)、25%(84/329);受伤性质以过劳性损伤为主,占58%(192/329);损伤类型以骨与关节损伤为主,占57%(188/329);首次下肢训练伤致伤科目以三公里训练为主,占42%(104/247)。下肢训练伤发生时间上呈双高峰模式,第3~6周、第11周为高发期。Logistic回归分析发现,兵源地为城镇、饮酒是下肢训练伤的独立危险因素因素(P<0.05);热爱体育运动、仰卧起坐成绩优良、参加过役前训练、对训练伤有所了解是下肢训练伤的保护因素(P<0.05)。结论新兵下肢训练伤发生率较高,应根据其发生规律及危险因素制订科学的防治对策进行针对性预防。

Objective To explore the current situation,injury characteristics and related influencing factors of lower extremity training injuries in recruits.Methods A total of 1400 recruits participating in the new training in autumn 2021 in Beijing were selected by cluster sampling method.The personal conditions of the recruits and the occurrence of training injuries were counted through a questionnaire survey,and the characteristics of the lower limb training injuries of the recruits were analyzed.The independent risk factors of training injuries were explored by Logistic regression analysis method.Results A total of 1376 questionnaires were collected,and the incidence of military training injuries was 22.17%(305/1376).A total of 247 recruits had at least one lower limb training injury,lower limb training injuries occurred 329 times.Lower limb training injuries occurred mainly at knee joint and ankle joint,accounting for 26%(85/329)and 25%(84/329),respectively.Most of the injury natures were overwork injuries,accounting for 58%(192/329).Injury types were mainly bone and joint injuries,accounting for 57%(188/329).The first lower limb training injury subjects were mainly 3 km training,accounting for 42%(104/247).The occurrence time showed double peak mode,and the peak period was from 3 to 6 weeks and 11 weeks.The origin of soldiers in towns and drinking history before enlistment were independent risk factors for the occurrence of lower extremity training injury(P<0.05),while the love of sports before enlistment,good performance in sit-ups,pre-service training and understanding of the concept of training injury were protective factors for the occurrence of lower extremity training injury(P<0.05).Conclusion The incidence of lower extremity training injury of recruits is high,so scientific prevention measures should be formulated according to its occurrence regularity and risk factors.