毛母质瘤临床特征及超声诊断价值研究

Study on clinical features and ultrasonic diagnostic value of pilomatricoma

目的探讨毛母质瘤的临床特征及超声诊断价值。方法将北部战区总医院自2019年5月至2021年5月收治的50例经病理证实为毛母质瘤且有超声检查结果的患者纳入B组。另将同期我院收治的50例其他皮下肿块患者纳入A组。记录并比较两组患者的临床特征与超声表现。观察并记录毛母质瘤超声声像图及镜下表现。结果两组患者的男性比例、部位、最大直径、形状、边缘及彩色多普勒结果比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。B组患者的年龄、后方回声增强、回声质地均匀比例均低于A组,内部钙化、低回声晕、后方回声衰减、回声质地不均匀比例均高于A组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。大多数毛母质瘤有包膜,外周为排列紧密的嗜碱性细胞,可见细胞核,中心部由影细胞填充,影细胞无细胞核,成嗜酸性。过渡细胞排列于两者中间。结论毛母质瘤具有一定的超声特征,术前行超声检查有助于毛母质瘤的诊断。

Objective To investigate the clinical features and ultrasonographic diagnostic value of pilomatricoma.Methods A total of 50 patients admitted to General Hospital of Northern Theater Command from May 2019 to May 2021 with pathologically confirmed pilomatricoma and ultrasound results were included in group B.In addition,50 other patients with subcutaneous mass admitted to our hospital during the same period were included in group A.The clinical features and ultrasonic manifestations of the two groups were recorded and compared.The ultrasonography and microscopic appearance of pilomatricoma were observed and recorded.Results There were no significant differences in male proportion,location,maximum diameter,shape,edge and color doppler between two groups(P>0.05).In group B,the proportion of age,posterior echo enhancement and uniform echo texture was lower than that in group A,and the proportion of internal calcification,low echo halo,posterior echo attenuation and uneven echo texture was higher than that in group A,with statistical significance(P<0.05).Most pilomatricomas had a capsule surrounded by compact basophilic cells with a visible nucleus.The center was filled with shadow cells,which had no nucleus and were eosinophilic.Transitional cells lined up between the two.Conclusion Pilomatricoma has certain ultrasonic characteristics,preoperative ultrasonography is helpful to the diagnosis of pilomatricoma.