基于三维空间轨迹控制的柔性成形技术研究进展

State-of-art of Flexible Forming Technology Based on Three-dimensional Trajectory Control

随着人们对个性化定制产品的需求越来越多和对产品更新换代的速度要求越来越高,金属柔性制造技术作为当今世界制造技术发展的前沿科技越来越受到工业界的关注和推广。柔性成形技术作为柔性制造技术一个重要分支,是指在无模具或少用模具(仅使用通用模具)的条件下,通过控制成形工具的三维空间运动轨迹,使坯料沿特定方向产生一定的塑性变形从而获得相应力学性能、形状和尺寸精度的一种技术。相对于传统塑性成形技术,柔性成形技术在新品试制,多品种、小批量产品生产,复杂金属构件研制等方面具有独特优势。近些年来,随着对柔性及柔性制造认识不断深入,柔性成形技术的内涵也不断得到丰富和发展,涌现出许多新的柔性成形技术以及成功的应用案例。尝试从目标金属薄壁构件结构类型的视角鸟瞰柔性成形技术的最新进展。通过将柔性成形技术划分为管材、型材、板材柔性成形技术,针对每一种目标构件类型所适用的柔性成形技术的最新应用进展、技术原理及最新发展状况等内容进行综述。

With the increasing demand for personalized customized products and the higher and higher requirements for the speed of product upgrading,metal flexible manufacturing technology,as the cutting-edge technology of manufacturing technologies in the world today,has received more and more attention and promotion from the industry.As an important branch of flexible manufacturing technology,flexible forming technology refers to a certain degree of plastic deformation of the blank in a specific direction by controlling the three-dimensional motion trajectory of the forming tool under the condition of no die or less use of die(only using general die),so as to obtain the required mechanical properties,shape and size.Compared with the traditional plastic forming technology,flexible plastic forming technology has unique advantages in the trial production of new products,the production of multi-varieties and small batch products,and the research of complex metal components.In recent years,with the deepening understanding of flexibility and flexible manufacturing,the connotation of flexible plastic forming technology has been enriched and developed constantly,many new flexible plastic forming technologies and successful application examples have emerged.the state-of-arts of flexible plastic forming technologies have been overviewed from the point of target metal component structure types in this paper.The flexible plastic forming technology is divided into tube,profile and sheet metal flexible forming technology.The application progress,technical principle and latest development of flexible forming technology for each target component type are summarized.