基于3D打印技术的石墨烯基三维电极设计制造研究进展

Research Progress in Design and Manufacture of Graphene 3D Electrodes Based on 3D Printing Technology

锂离子电池因其较高的能量密度、稳定的放电平台和安全的使用环境被广泛应用于航空航天、汽车、可穿戴柔性设备等领域。目前锂离子电池的研究主要集中在薄电极(<50μm)的设计制造,其较低的单位面积负载(<5 mg·cm^(-2))严重制约了面积比容量。因此厚电极的制造(100~500μm)将成为未来高比能量电池的研究热点。3D打印技术因其可定制化成型复杂电极结构的优势,在厚电极制造领域具有广泛的应用前景。综述了3D打印成型工艺在石墨烯基三维厚电极领域的研究进展,分析了相应3D打印工艺的成型特点(墨水性能、成型精度、适用范围)和工艺难点,展望了石墨烯基三维厚电极3D打印的发展趋势,提出了基于凝胶电解质的全电池成型工艺,为新一代高性能锂离子电池的研制提供新思路。

Lithium ion batteries are widely used in aerospace,automotive,wearable flexible devices and other fields because of their high energy density,stable discharge platform and safe use environment.The current research of lithium-ion battery is mainly focused on the design and manufacture of thin electrode(<50μm),whose low unit area load(<5 mg·cm^(-2))severely restricts the area specific capacity.Therefore,the manufacture of thick electrode(100-500μm)will become the research hotspot of high specific energy battery in the future.3D printing technology has a wide application prospect in the field of thick electrode manufacturing due to its advantages of customized forming complex electrode structures.The research progress of 3D printing technology in the field of graphene based three dimensional thick electrode is reviewed.The forming characteristics of the corresponding 3D printing process(ink performance,molding accuracy,application scope)and technological difficulties are analyzed.The development trend of graphene based three-dimensional thick electrode 3D printing is prospected.The whole battery forming process based on gel electrolyte is proposed,which provides a new strategy for the development of a new generation of high performance lithium ion batteries.