真实事故中通过制动控制降低人地碰撞损伤的潜在效益及时空约束

Potential Benefits and Constraints of Reducing Ground Related Injury by Controlling Vehicle Braking in Real World Vehicle-pedestrian Accidents

为研究制动控制在降低人地碰撞损伤方面的潜在效益及其时空约束,首先从前期积累的事故数据库中筛选出139例真实的人车碰撞事故,利用PC-Crash对所有事故进行再现,再通过控制车辆制动以降低人地碰撞损伤,最后采集人体各部位损伤、头车与头地碰撞位置及制动控制过程中的时空约束等信息。分析结果显示,在真实事故中人车首次接触后车辆完全制动与否不会对人体损伤造成显著影响;通过制动控制能够显著降低头、臀与地面碰撞所致损伤,并能降低头车、头地碰撞位置的重合率,且不会加重车辆所致损伤;但要求车辆在较短时间内做出判断以正确控制车辆,且8.4%的案例在现实中未有足够空间让车辆实施制动控制。

In order to study the potential benefits and constraints of controlling vehicle braking in reducing ground related injury,139 real world pedestrian-vehicle accidents are selected from the pre-accumulated accident database firstly,and then all selected accidents are reconstructed by PC-Crash,after that a vehicle braking method is applied to each reconstructed cases,finally the injury in various parts of human body,collision location of the head-car and head-ground,and temporal/spatial constraints during braking control are collected.Results show that the vehicle full braking after the impact does not have a significant influence on pedestrian injury in real world accidents;through controlling vehicle braking,the ground related head/pelvis injury can be reduced significantly but the vehicle related injury will not increase,and the coincidence rate of the collision position of head-car and head-ground can be reduced;but controlling vehicle braking requires the vehicle to make a judgment in a short time to correctly control the vehicle and 8.4%of cases do not have enough space for the vehicle to carry out a braking control.