梯度功能合金的增材制造技术研究进展

Research Progress of Functional Graded Alloy Prepared by Additive Manufacturing Technology

梯度功能材料是由两种或多种材料复合且成分呈连续梯度变化的一种新型复合材料,在当今飞速发展的工程领域受到了广泛的关注。但传统的梯度功能材料制备技术无法满足航空、医疗、军事等工业领域的需要。而增材制造作为一种新兴技术,提供了一种全新的思路来解决梯度功能材料的制备问题。系统总结了增材制造制备梯度功能合金的主要方法,讨论了利用激光熔覆与选区激光熔化技术制备钛基、铁基及金属-陶瓷等梯度合金的研究现状及在相应领域的重要应用,并结合现有工作论述利用选区激光熔化制备连续梯度功能合金的原理与研究进展,最后阐述了利用增材制造技术制备梯度功能合金的挑战和机遇,并展望了本领域的未来发展方向。

Functional Graded Material(FGM)is a new type of composite material composed by two or more materials with continuous gradient changes.Nowadays,it has received extensive attention in engineering field.However,traditional FGM preparation techniques cannot meet the requirement from the industry area such as aviation,medical,military etc.As a newborn technology,additive manufacturing(AM)provides a totally different FGM preparation principle.Introduction of available FGM preparing technology based on AM is focused,and the research status and important application of titanium-based,iron-based and metal-ceramic based FGM prepared by laser cladding and selective laser melting is further discussed.Moreover,the principle and research progress of continuous FGM prepared by selective laser melting is presented with the undergoing work from our research group.Finally,the challenges and opportunities of using additive manufacturing to prepare FGM are listed,and the future development direction of this field are prospected.