轮轨力连续测试方法及1:5试验台验证

Research on Continuous Measurement Method for Wheel-rail Forces and Validation with 1:5 Scale Roller Rig Test

轮轨力是轮轨关系的重要基础,是车辆运行安全检测的重要指标。轮轨力连续测量是车辆动力学理论研究与实践的重要环节,也是轨道车辆领域研究的难点之一。通过轨道车辆轮对上载荷、弯矩及应变三者之间关系,提出一种轮轨力连续测试方法。该方法包括车轮有限元模型建立并计算车轮辐板应力,依据应力分布特征确定车轮辐板内外侧及内外圈应变计粘贴位置和数量,确定车轴截面测试位置、应变计测试电桥组桥方式、轮轨力标定方法和误差控制等。轮轨力标定包括轮轨垂向载荷和横向载荷标定、载荷-应变系数确定。误差控制包括选择准确贴片位置、标定系数回归以及车轮和车轴测点联合运用等。制作了1∶5实物测力轮对,并在1∶5转向架试验台上测试并获得该测力轮对的轮轨力。结果表明,提出的轮轨力连续方法具有较高的精度,实现轮轨力连续测试。

Wheel/rail force is the basis of the wheel rail relationship study,and it is the most important index to determine the vehicle operation safety.Furthermore,wheel/rail forces continuously measuring method is one of the complicate problems needed to be investigated,and it is the primary strategy to study on the vehicle system dynamics.Based on the relationship between the loads and strain of the wheels and axle,a continuous wheel/rail force measuring method is presented after strain gauges signal output derivation and wheel finite element calculation.The method includes the number and location of the strain gauges on the wheel rims and axle.Test bridges of the strain gauges are offered to get the signals of the strains.A 1∶5 scale force measuring wheelset is manufactured.The stain gauges are fixed on the scaled wheelset and the test bridges are developed according to method presented Wheel/rail lateral and vertical force are calibrated,and the relationship matrix between the loads and the strains are obtained.The methods,such as optimal location of strain gauges,numerical regression of calibration data and strain gauges joint application of wheels and axle,are introduced to minimize the error.An experiment is carried out to measure the wheel/rail forces with the scaled wheelset and a 1∶5 scale roller rig.The test results show that the wheel/rail force continuously measuring method is effective and accurate to obtain the wheel/rail loads.