百年互动与制度变迁——中国百年农村土地制度变革逻辑新解

Interactions and Institutional Changes in the Last Hundred Years——A New Logical Explanation of the Reform of China’s Rural Land System in the Last Hundred Years

从体、相、用三位一体的角度定义制度和制度变迁,构建一个能够反映中国共产党和农民长期互动的分析框架,用以探究中国百年农村土地制度变革逻辑,结果显示:(1)在资源稀缺、有限理性和制度受众分化等社会基本事实的约束下,中国共产党需要持续保持和农民的良性互动,才能有效缓解知识不完备对改革的不良影响,进而解决利益难协调和共识难达成等两个衍生难题;(2)百年史实表明,中国共产党和农民一共有过四次较为强烈的互动,中国共产党逐步认清农民的土地利益诉求,择取其正确的发展观念对制度进行修正,成功推动土地制度变迁;(3)中国共产党和农民的互动,是农村土地制度变革阶段形成的重要原因,依据互动内容,可对百年土地制度变革阶段进行新的划分。由此启示:中国百年农村土地制度变革之所以获得成功,根本原因在于中国共产党自始至终和农民保持良性互动,有效降低知识不完备及其衍生难题对土地制度改革的不良影响。

This paper defines the institution and institutional changes from the perspective of ontology, representation and function, constructs an analytical framework that can reflect the long-term interactions between the Communist Party of China and peasants, and explores the logic of the reform of China’s rural land system in the last hundred years.The results show that:(1)under the constraints of basic social facts such as resource scarcity, limited rationality and institutional audience differentiation, the Communist Party of China needs to maintain positive interactions with peasants, so as to effectively alleviate the adverse impact of incomplete knowledge on reform, and then solve the two derivative problems such as difficulties to coordinate interests and difficulties to reach consensus;(2)historical facts in the past one hundred years show that the Communist Party of China has had four strong interactions with peasants, from which it has gradually recognized the peasants’ demands for land interests, so adopted their correct development concepts to revise the system, and successfully promoted the changes of the land system;(3)the interactions between the Communist Party of China and peasants are important reasons for the formation of the rural land system reform a stage;according to the interactive content, we can make a new division of the reform stage of the land system in the last hundred years.From this we get the following implication: the fundamental reason for the success of the reform of China’s rural land system in the last hundred years is that the Communist Party of China has maintained positive interaction with peasants from beginning to end, effectively reducing the adverse impact of incomplete knowledge and its derivative problems on the land system reform.