汉语“意欲”概念场主导词的历时替换

The Diachronic Replacement of the Dominant Word in the Concept Field of “Yi Yu” in Chinese

在古代汉语的历史上,“意欲”概念场的主导词经历了一次替换:五代以前,“欲”凭借义域广、用法多元和见次率高等优势位居本概念场主导词的宝座;五代以后其义域和用法渐趋式微,“要”的义域和用法则快速扩张,最后于14世纪后半期取代“欲”成为本概念场的主导词。文章从先秦至唐代、五代至清代两个时段讨论二者之间的历时替嬗过程,并讨论与此相关的问题。

In the history of ancient Chinese,the dominant word of the concept field of“Yi Yu”underwent a replacement:the Five Dynasties ago,“Yu”was the dominant word in this conceptual field with its advantages of wide meaning,multiple usage and high frequency.After the Five Dynasties,its meaning and usage gradually declined,and the meaning and usage of“Yao”expanded rapidly.Finally,in the second half of the 14th century,it replaced“Yu”and became the dominant word in this conceptual field.This paper discusses the vast development process between the two periods from the Pre-Qin Dynasty to the Tang Dynasty and from the Five Dynasties to the Qing Dynasty,and then discusses the related issues.