低位取放姿态舒适性及绩效评估

Comfort and performance evaluation of low position handling posture

低位取放物品体态(弯腰或蹲姿等)易引起操作困难及作业绩效降低。通过主观评价、姿态分析、效率实验及虚拟建模方法分析低位取放动作的工效性。18名被试者模拟从两种抽屉取放物品,以及找寻物品任务,对取放姿势、身体用力情况、主要关节角度变化及找寻物品的时间进行统计分析。采用Jack软件建立男女从两个抽屉高度以3种手部负荷执行取放动作模型,分析不同约束条件下的腰部力量差异。弯腰姿势使用频率高于蹲姿,抽屉位置提高引起弯腰相对于蹲姿次数增加,腰部相对于四肢及脖颈更费力;较高抽屉位置的躯干与股及膝关节角度平均增加32%和67%,找寻物品时间减少32%,模型腰部力量平均降低12%。研究方法和结果对于人机系统设计及改善有一定参考价值。

The posture of taking and putting objects in low position(bending or squatting)is easy to cause operation difficulty and performance degradation.Through subjective evaluation,posture analysis,efficiency experiment and virtual modeling method,the ergonomics of taking and putting movement from low position was analyzed.18 subjects imitated the task of taking and putting objects from two drawer heights,the posture and physical exertion of taking and putting were analyzed statistically.Jack software was used to build a model of taking and putting movement of men and women from two heights and three terminal loads.The difference of low back strength under different constraint conditions was analyzed.When taking and placing in low position,the number of people who bent over was more than that of squatting.The bending position was used more often than the squatting position,rasing the drawerpositon'causesanincrease m the mumber oftmesending relative to'squatting,and the waist is more laborious relative to the limbs and neck.The angle of trunk and thigh,knee joint increased by 32%and 67%in the relatively higher position of the two positions,the time of searching for objects was reduced by 32%,and the waist strength of the model was reduced by 12%.The research methods and results mentioned have certain reference value for the design and improvement of man-machine system.