氢-电动力汽车多热力耦合系统计算与余热利用研究

Study on calculation and waste heat utilization of multi-thermal coupling system of hydrogen-electric vehicle

针对燃料电池热管理系统散热响应迟缓、温度收敛性差等缺点,以及热管理仍然是一个具有挑战性的问题,提出了一种冷却系统优化设计方案和热管理控制策略,构建基于燃料电池汽车的一维系统仿真模型。经验证,冷却风扇采用前馈控制后,能够实时控制水泵转速,从而调节冷却液的流量,精确控制电堆内部的温差和冷却液温度,降低冷却系统滞后。通过监测泵流量和风扇转速,保持堆内热量平衡,反应堆温度迅速收敛到目标温度65℃,并没有出现大的温度波动,保证反应堆始终在适当的温度范围内高效稳定地运行。此外,在-10℃低温下电堆余热用来给动力电池快速加热,能够保证电池在20℃下工作。

In view of the shortcomings of fuel cell thermal management system,such as slow cooling response and poor temperature convergence,thermal management is still a challenging problem.A cooling system optimization design scheme and thermal management control strategy are proposed,and a one-dimensional system simulation model based on fuel cell vehicle is constructed.It has been proved that after the feedforward control of the cooling fan,the speed of the pump can be controlled in real time to adjust the flow of the coolant,and the temperature difference and coolant temperature inside the reactor can be accurately controlled to reduce the lag of the cooling system.By monitoring the pump flow rate and fan speed to maintain the heat balance in the reactor,the reactor temperature quickly converges to the target temperature of 65℃,and there is no large temperature fluctuation,to ensure that the reactor always operates efficiently and stably within the appropriate temperature range.In addition,the waste heat of the reactor is used to rapidly heat the power battery at a low temperature of-10℃,which can ensure that the battery works at 20℃.