起重机回转机构冲击损伤仿真方法研究

Research on the simulation of impact damage of the crane’s slewing mechanism

紧急启制动等冲击载荷存在的普遍性导致起重机回转机构频繁出现断齿断轴等损伤现象,影响回转支承传动系统的可靠性。文中以起重机回转机构减速器输出轴小齿轮和回转支承外齿圈齿轮的啮合过程为研究对象,采用刚性单元和绑定等技术建立了包含轴承、轴和齿轮花键连接、齿轮啮合等精细有限元动力学仿真模型,分析了回转驱动轮齿和输出轴在起重机回转启制动下的冲击动态响应。仿真分析结果与某船厂起重机回转机构的损伤失效形式非常吻合,表明文中回转机构的冲击损伤有限元模型有效可行,建模方法和技巧可用于预测启制动的冲击对回转机构整体的影响,为回转机构减速器输出轴及回转齿轮的冲击损伤评估提供了依据。

The universality of impact load,for example,emergency braking,leads to frequent damage of the crane’s slewing mechanism,such as broken tooth and broken shaft.As a result,the slewing support-transmission system is not reliable.This article focuses on the meshing process of both the output shaft pinion of the slewing mechanism’s reducer and the outer ring gear of the slewing ring.The finite-element kinetic simulation model of the bearing,shaft-and-gear spine connection and gear meshing is worked out by means of the rigid unit and binding technologies.The finite element method of transient dynamics is adopted to analyze the dynamic response of the slewing drive teeth and the output shaft under the starting and braking of the crane.The simulation results are in good agreement with the damage-failure mode of the shipyard’s slewing mechanism,which indicates that the finite element model of impact damage of the slewing mechanism is feasible and effective.The modeling method can be adopted to predict the impact of starting and braking on the slewing mechanism as a whole.It provides basis for the impactdamage evaluation on both the output shaft of the slewing mechanism’s reducer and the slewing gear.