社会自我批判中三个历史案例及引出的思考

Three Historical Cases in Social Self-Criticism and Reflections

社会自我批判是处于"非崩溃"条件下发生的"社会革命",具有"人体解剖"式的深刻性。"文景之治""明治维新"和"彼得一世‘欧化’改革"是人类历史上社会自我批判的三个典型案例,它们展示了在社会自我批判中贯穿"批判的武器"和"武器的批判"环节的国家权威批判活动和社会民众批判活动的不同特点。普遍存在于特殊之中,并通过特殊显现出来;典型属于特殊范畴,但能更充分地显现普遍。以历史典型为鉴,能具体地理解社会自我批判的机制:特定社会危机所内蕴的社会基本矛盾运动既相当激化,又没有使社会陷于崩溃;与一般社会自我评价和崩溃时期的社会自我批判相比较,在某种程度上具有更大深刻性;在强调人民主体作用的同时,需唯物而辩证地分析人民主体与"世界历史个人"在社会自我批判中作用的辩证关系。

Social self-criticism is a“social revolution”under the condition of“non collapse”,which has the profundity of“Human Anatomy”.“The Reign of Wenjing”,“Meiji Restoration”and“Peter I’s‘Europeanization’Reform”are three typical cases of social self-criticism in human history.They show the different characteristics of the critical activities of the state authority and the critical activities of the public.These characteristics are embodied in the social self-criticism that runs through the links of“weapon of criticism”and“criticism of the weapon”.Universality exists in particularity and appears through particularity;Typicality belongs to a special category,but it can more fully show the universality.Taking historical models as a mirror,so that we can concretely understand the mechanism of social self-criticism.These are:The movement of basic social contradictions contained in a particular social crisis is quite intensified,and it has not caused society to collapse.Compared with general social self-evaluation,it has great profoundness.Compared with social self-criticism in the period of collapse,it is more profound to a certain extent.While emphasizing the role of the people as the subject,it is necessary to materially and dialectically analyze the dialectical relationship between the people and the"world historical individual"in social self-criticism.