叙事主义中的人格及其对传统自我观念的挑战

Personality in Narratology and Its Challenge to Traditional Self-concept

作为新兴的人格同一性理论,叙事主义拒斥传统进路,主张人格是在叙事中构成。这一理论源流广泛,近来由玛雅·舍希特曼等人做了深入系统的阐发。但它也不乏争议,有人认为叙事的主观性过强,与虚构纠缠不清,作为规范性主张易流于虚伪、造作;还有人认为叙事不能成为人格的充分条件,因为叙事预设了一些传统的自我观念。不过,这两种批评均未能触动叙事主义的要点,稍加修正就能应对。从"叙事"概念本身可以揭示叙事主义难以回避的一些困难。

As a new theory of personality identity, narratology rejects the traditional approach and advocates that personality is formed in narration. This theory has a wide range of sources, and has recently been deeply and systematically expounded by some scholars. But it is also controversial.Some people think that the subjectivity of narration is too strong and tangled with fiction. As a normative proposition, it is easy to become hypocritical and artificial. Others think that narration can not become a sufficient condition for personality, because narration presupposes some traditional self-concept. However, these two criticisms failed to touch the main points of narratology and could be dealt with a little amendment. From the concept of "narration", we can reveal some difficulties that narratology can not avoid.