论南北朝时期官品制性质的演变

On the Evolution of the Nature of the Official Grade in the Northern and Southern Dynasties

曹魏的官品并非官阶,当时官品的高低与传统的官阶——秩石的多寡颠倒错乱、难以对应。这种混乱的局面直到萧齐基本没有变化。萧梁和陈朝对官品和秩石进行了大规模的调整,以使二者趋于一致。这种调整既体现了官班制的拉动作用,也体现了官品制由官才等级制向官阶制的演变,但南朝并没有完成这个演变。官品制演变为官阶制需要具备三个条件:同一部门内高低不同的官职和高低不同的封爵位于不同的官品;官品高低与俸禄多寡、冠服高下完全对应;官品制成为官职迁转的主要依据。北魏孝文帝的官品制改革,标志着官品制最终演变为官阶制。

Because the official grade of Cao Wei was not official rank,so the level of official grade was confused with the number of rank stone.This chaotic situation did not change until Xiao Qi.Xiao Liang and Chen Dynasties made a large-scale adjustment of official grade and rank stone,which made them tend to be consistent.This adjustment not only reflected the pulling effect of the official class system,but also reflected the evolution of the official grade from the official talent to the official rank,but the Southern Dynasty did not complete this evolution.There are three conditions for the evolution of official grade into official rank:different official positions in the same department and knighthood with different levels are located in different official grades;the level of official grade is completely corresponding to official salary and clothes;and the system of official grade becomes the main basis for the transfer of official posts.Emperor Xiaowen’s reform of official grade system in the Northern Wei Dynasty marked that the official grade eventually evolved into the official rank.