高速列车盘形制动系统摩擦振动行为动力学分析

Finite Element Analysis on Friction Vibration Behavior of High-speed Train Disc Braking System

针对高速列车盘形制动系统振动噪声问题,建立起具有实际尺寸的高速列车制动系统有限元模型,对比分析了复特征值分析法和瞬时动态分析法在预测其制动振动行为的可靠性和准确性。结果表明,复特征值分析法在求解制动振动噪声问题中会出现明显的"过度预测"现象,相比之下瞬时动态分析法有利于直观观测到制动系统振动演变行为,具有更重要的应用价值。采用瞬时动态分析法对系统参数和制动动力学行为关系进行研究。结果表明,制动夹钳弹性模量的降低有利于降低制动系统摩擦振动幅值,抑制系统的振动主频。闸片托的弹性模量并不会对系统的法向振动特性产生重要影响,但是制动过程产生的切向振动幅值随闸片托弹性模量的降低而逐渐减弱。通过对制动闸片表面进行加工沟槽处理后,能够有效降低制动系统振动强度,同时减弱了振动信号在主频处的能量,但是可能会带来局部区域应力过大和局部磨损的问题。

To investigate the vibration and noise problem of high-speed train disc brake system,a finite element model of train disc brake system with real size is created.Both the complex eigenvalue analysis and transient dynamic analysis are performed by using Abaqus,and the results obtained via both analysis methods are compared.It is found that results obtained from complex eigenvalue analysis will occur"over-prediction",which indicates that the transient dynamic analysis should be more accruable and suitable in solving the vibration problem of high-speed train.Additionally,transient dynamic analysis is conducted to study the relationship between the system parameters and brake vibration behaviors.The results show that the reduction of the elastic modulus of the brake clamps is beneficial for reducing the vibration amplitude of the brake system and accordingly suppress the main vibration frequency of the system.The elastic modulus of brake disc support will not affect the normal vibration characteristics of the brake system.However,the tangential vibration amplitude will be reduced with the decrease of the elastic modulus of brake disc support.The vibration intensity of the braking system can be effectively reduced after the surface of brake disc is processed with grooves,and the energy of the vibration signal at the main frequency can be weakened.However,this manufacture method for the pad may bring the problems of excessive local stress and the local wear.