食用外共生菌根真菌兰茂牛肝菌Lanmaoa asiatica纯培养条件下不同发育时期的核相

Nuclear phases of edible ectomycorrhizal fungus Lanmaoa asiatica at different developmental stages under pure culture conditions

食用外共生菌根菌是一类可食用并与植物共生的大型真菌,其在纯培养条件下菌丝生长缓慢,不会扭结发育成原基,不能完成生活史。因此关于食用菌根菌纯培养条件下生活史的研究报道极少。本研究的兰茂牛肝菌Lanmaoaasiatica已能在纯培养条件下诱导出原基,这使生活史的研究得以完成。利用扫描电子显微镜、透射电子显微镜及荧光显微镜对兰茂牛肝菌子实体担子、担孢子、纯培养菌丝和原基的核相进行了观察。结果表明,子实体菌丝细胞为双核,担子经过减数分裂形成4个单核担孢子;担孢子萌发时长轴端长出芽状突起伸长为菌丝,原孢子中的细胞核不分裂,直接进入菌丝,形成单核初生菌丝;初生菌丝5d后变为双核菌丝;纯培养菌丝及原基细胞均为双核,其菌丝表面光滑,未观察到锁状联合。

Edible ectomycorrhizal fungi are symbiotic with plants,whose mycelia grow slowly,don’t twist and form primordia,and therefore can’t complete their life cycle under pure culture condition.Few reports on the life history of ectomycorrhizal fungi under pure culture condition are published.In this study,Lanmaoa asiatica primordia have been induced under pure culture condition,and the number of nuclei in basidia,basidiospores,mycelia and primordial were observed by scanning electron microscopy,transmission electron microscopy and fluorescence microscopy.It was found that the hyphal cell of fruiting bodies was binucleate;the basidia produced four monocaryotic basidiospores through meiosis,and the basidiospore at the long axis end germinated and formed a budding that elongated and formed monocaryotic primary hyphae,whose nuclei directly came from basidiospore.The primary hyphae became dicaryophytic in 5 days.The mycelial and primordial cells were binucleate,and the mycelial surface were smooth without clamp connection.