梯棱羊肚菌营养类型的研究

A study on the nutritional pattern of Morchella importuna

羊肚菌是羊肚菌属Morchella中所有种的统称,其味道鲜美,深受人们的喜爱。目前,大多数羊肚菌物种仍然无法实现人工栽培,其重要原因之一就是它们营养类型仍然不甚清楚。梯陵羊肚菌M.importuna是少数可以人工栽培的羊肚菌之一,其腐生营养特性已经明确,但是否与植物根系存在共生营养关系仍然有疑问。为了探究梯陵羊肚菌菌丝与植物根系之间的相互关系,本研究选用梯棱羊肚菌2个不同交配型同核体菌株A2(MAT1-2-1)、A50(MAT1-1-1)和1个异核体菌株A59(MAT1-1-1和MAT1-2-1)为材料,将3个菌株分别与杂交白杨717(Populus tremula×P.alba,clone 717)进行共培养试验,观察菌丝与根系之间的互作情况。结果显示,A2、A50和A59菌丝体都能使杨树根系发生形态变化,产生明显的菌套(mantle)以及"Y"型菌根状结构,但均未观察到明显的哈蒂氏网(Hartig net)结构。研究表明,梯棱羊肚菌与杨树根系存在某种营养关系,但与外生菌根的共生关系不同。

At present,most species of Morchella are still unable to achieve artificial cultivation.One of the important reasons is that nutritional patterns of morel are not well understood.Morchella importuna is one of the several cultivated Morchella species.Its saprophytic nutritional characteristics have been cleared,but whether there is a symbiotic nutritional relationship between the morel and plant roots is still questionable.Two homokaryotic strains A2(MAT1-2-1)and A50(MAT1-1-1)and one heterokaryotic strain A59(MAT1-1-1 and MAT1-2-1)of the morel and the hybrid poplar 717(Populus tremula×P.alba,clone 717)were used as experimental materials.These three strains were co-cultured separately with hybrid poplar 717 to observe the interaction between mycelium and root system.The results showed that three strains(A2,A50 and A59)were able to deform the roots of poplar and produce obvious mantle and Y-type mycorrhizal structure,but no significant Hartig net structure was observed.This finding indicates that there may be a certain nutritional relationship between Morchella importuna and the root of hybrid poplar 717,but this symbiotic relationship is different from symbiosis of ectomycorrhiza.