非洲的国际关系研究:评析与展望

Research on International Relations in Africa: Comments and Prospects

近代以来,非洲的国际关系研究经历了殖民时期、冷战时期以及冷战后的三个阶段,泛非主义是非洲国际关系研究的主导思想。泛非主义根植于非洲传统文化塑造的共同认知,对非洲国家稳定国内统治、提升国际地位发挥了指导作用。相对于西方主流国际关系研究,非洲的国际关系研究特征鲜明。就行为主体而言,非洲国家主权的权威性较弱,而族群等行为体在内外事务中扮演重要角色。在研究议程上,泛非主义以实现全球族群平等为长期目标,关注不平等造成的非洲国家经济依附、政治动荡等问题。在世界观上,非洲国家倾向于集体主义而非个体主义,以泛非主义为旗帜进行政治上的联合。在衡量国家实力时,重视国家的影响力而非唯物质实力。在全球国际关系研究版图中非洲仍然处于边缘地带,然而非洲有众多主流理论无法覆盖的案例,提供了不同于传统国家中心主义的研究视角,为国际关系研究提供了原创的非西方路径。

Since modern times,the study of international relations in Africa has gone through three stages:the colonial period,the cold war period and the post-cold war period.Pan-Africanism is the leading thought in the study of African international relations.Pan-Africanism is rooted in the common understanding of African traditional culture shaping,and has played a guiding role in stabilizing African countries’domestic rule and improving their international status.As far as actors are concerned,the authority of sovereignty in African countries is relatively weak,and actors such as ethnic groups play an important role in internal and external affairs.On the research agenda,Pan-Africanism takes the realization of global ethnic equality as the long-term goal,and pays attention to the economic dependence and political turbulence of African countries caused by inequality.In terms of world outlook,African countries tend to be collectivism rather than individualism,and use Pan-Africanism as the banner for political unity.When measuring the strength of a country,it is important to attach importance to the country’s influence rather than material strength.Africa is still on the periphery of the global international relations research map.However,there are many cases in Africa that cannot be covered by mainstream theories,providing a research perspective different from traditional state-centrism,and providing an original non-Western approach to international relations research.