美国收入分化的新特点及其多维驱动因素

New Characteristics of American Income Differentiation and Its Multidimensional Driving Factors

美国社会中的收入分化出现了新的特点,突出体现在整体收入差距拉大的同时,各族裔内部的收入分化也在加剧。这种现象是由诸多因素所驱动的:工会组织的萎缩和全球化背景下美国经济结构的深刻调整加重了白人中下层的贫困现象;美国政府奉行的减税政策和资本性收入的增加以及技术创新使得富裕阶层的实际收入大幅度增加;肯定性行动(affirmative action)等教育领域的多元文化政策使得美国高收入人群的族裔更为多元化。收入分化和种族矛盾等其他因素一起构成了对于美国国内治理的挑战,而美国收入分化较大的现状短期内恐怕难以消除。

New characteristics of income differentiation have emerged in American society,which is highlighted by the widening of the overall income gap and the intensification of income differentiation within ethnic groups.This phenomenon is driven by many factors.The contraction of trade union organizations and the profound adjustment of American economic structure under the background of globalization have aggravated the poverty of the white middle and lower classes.The tax cuts pursued by the U.S.government,the increase of capital income and technological innovation have greatly increased the income of the wealthy.Multicultural policies in the field of education,such as Affirmative Action,have increased the ethnic diversity of high-income groups in the United States.Income polarization and other factors such as racial conflicts,have posed challenges to domestic governance in the United States.The current situation of the greater income polarization in the United States may be difficult to eliminate in the short term.