市民社会如何决定政治国家?——基于马克思对黑格尔等级要素的批判

How Civil Society Determines the Political State——Based on Marx’s Criticism of Hegel’s Hierarchy Elements

在《黑格尔法哲学批判》中,马克思对黑格尔的立法权和等级要素学说进行了深入的批判性分析。本文旨在表明,就政治国家和市民社会的关系而言,马克思通过对黑格尔等级要素概念的批判,辨析、剥离并澄清了被黑格尔遮蔽的现代政治行动的实情,由此指出正是通过现代意义上的等级要素,市民社会及其各等级获得了决定政治国家的力量,并且揭示了现代立法权制度中存在着政治国家和市民社会的二律背反。

In the Critique of Hegel’s Philosophy of Right,Marx provides an in-depth critical analysis of Hegel’s doctrine of the legislature and the estates.The purpose of this paper is to show that in terms of the relationship between the political state and the civil society,Marx identifies,strips and clarifies the reality of modern political action obscured by Hegel through the critique of the estates of Hegel,thereby revealing that through the modern estates the civil society and its estates gain the power to determine political state,and that there exists the antinomy of the political state and civil society in the modern system of the legislature.