北京市自然景区啮齿动物部分病原体感染调查研究

Investigation of rodent borne pathogens in scenic areas of Beijing

目的了解北京东灵山、云蒙山、十渡3个自然景区中啮齿动物的种类、分布以及病原体感染情况,为保障自然景区人民群众的健康安全和北京旅游资源的可持续发展提供科学依据。方法采用夹夜法捕获啮齿类动物,针对伯氏疏螺旋体(Borrelia burgdorferi,B.b)、斑点热群立克次体(spotted fever group Rickettsiae,SFGR)、嗜吞噬细胞无形体(Anaplasma phagocytophilum,AP)、汉坦病毒(Hantavirus,HV)、新布尼亚病毒(severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome Buyavirus,SFTSV)5种病原体进行PCR或RT-PCR检测,并根据特异基因序列进行鉴别分析。结果共捕获啮齿类动物478只,优势鼠种为社鼠(Niviiventer confucianus)、大林姬鼠(Apodemus peninsulae)、棕背?(Myodes rufocanus)和中华姬鼠(A.draco),其中总阳性率、AP阳性率和HV阳性率差异有统计学意义。东灵山景区存在HV、B.b、AP感染,总阳性率和HV阳性率差异有统计学意义;云蒙山景区存在HV、B.b、AP和SFGR感染,十渡景区存在HV和AP感染,各病原体阳性率差异无统计学意义;采样生境有草丛、灌丛和森林3种,在不同生境中病原体比较差异无统计学意义;首次从云蒙山景区的森林中的棕背?检测出基因型为劳氏立克次体(Rickettsia raoultii)的SFGR。结论北京自然景区啮齿动物种类丰富,携带多种病原体,在今后的防控工作中要加强防范。

Objective To find out about the rodents’types,distribution and pathogen infections in three natural scenic spots in Beijing(Dongling Mountain,Yunmeng Mountain and Shidu)in order to provide data for ensuring the health of local residents and the sustainable development of tourism resources in Beijing.Methods Rodents were caught using the night trapping method and detected for the presence of five pathogens in Borrelia burgdorferi(B.b),Spotted fever group Rickettsiae(SFGR),Anaplasma phagocytophilum(AP),Hantavirus(HV),and severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome Bunyavirus(SFTSV)by PCR or RT-PCR method.The genotypes were determined based on the sequences of the target genes that were amplified.Results A total of 478 rodents were captured and tested.The dominant rodent species were Niviiventer confucianus,Apodemus peninsulae,Myodes rufocanus and A.draco.The positive rates were significantly different between these rodent species,be they theoverall positive rate or the positive rate of AP and HV.In Dongling Mountain,the presence of HV,B.b and AP was detected,with the overall positive rate and HV positive rate statistically different between these rodent species.The presence of HV,B.b,AP and SFGR infections were detected in the rodents in Yunmeng Mountain,and the infection of HV and AP was identified in Shidu.In these two areas,no statistically significant difference in the positive rate was found between the rodent species.A total of 3 types of habitats were chosen as the sites of survey,including the grass,bush and forest.No statistically significant difference in positive rates was detected among the three types of habitats.One of the detected strains of SFGR was determined to be Rickettsia raoultii,representing its first detection from M.focanus.Conclusion There is a large variety of rodent species which harbor multiple pathogens that can infect humans in natural scenic spots in Beijing.More attention should be paid to the prevention and control of natural infectious diseases in the future.