飞行学员基础训练半年抗荷体质相关指标现况调查

Relevant indicators of anti-G physical fitness for basic training of flight cadets

目的通过测试飞行学员抗荷体质相关指标,阐明抗荷体质的基线水平,并采用问卷调查的方法了解学员的运动习惯,探寻抗荷体质现状产生的原因,为制定抗荷体质高效训练方案提供科学依据。方法抽取某飞行学院某学员队,共计144名飞行学员,经过半年传统基础体能训练后,调查其运动习惯,并测试其身体围度、上下肢和躯干力量、最大摄氧量、身体成分等指标。结果①学员相对最大摄氧量为(41.31±4.45)ml/(kg·min),腿部蹬力左侧为(119.25±25.05)kg,右侧为(119.39±24.88)kg,上肢推力为(126.66±26.56)kg,上肢拉力为(91.00±15.34)kg,躯干屈曲力为(62.04±17.53)kg,后伸力为(79.61±12.54)kg,体脂率为(15.93±3.66)%;②传统训练半年后,学员的体质量和体能情况得到明显改善;③调查表显示,90%的学员会自主安排不同频率的力量练习,但耐力和力量训练的间隔时间安排不科学,有52.49%学员间隔时间<2 h。结论学员的力量和耐力水平不足以应对飞行载荷要求,自主训练积极性高但科学性差,需结合飞行专项技术和能量供应特点来探索飞行学员抗荷体质高效训练方式,设计力量训练与高强度间歇训练相结合的训练方案,科学高效地提高抗荷相关身体素质。

Objective To demonstrate the baseline level of anti-loading constitution by testing the anti-loading physical fitness indexes of flight cadets,and to find out about the cadets’exercise habits via a questionnaire survey,so as to explore the possible causes of anti-loading physical status.Methods A total of 144 flight cadets from a flight school who had been trained in traditional physiology for half a year were selected to investigate their exercise habits,and to test their body circumference,upper and lower extremities and trunk strength,maximal oxygen uptake,body composition and other indicators.Results①The average relative oxygen uptake of the cadets was(41.31±4.45)ml/(kg·min),the left side of the leg force was(119.25±25.05)kg,the average right side was(119.39±24.58)kg,the average upper limb pull force was(126.66±26.56)kg,the average upper limb pulling force was(91.00±15.34)kg,the average trunk flexion force was(62.04±17.53)kg,the average stretch was(79.61±12.54)kg,and the average body fat percentage was(15.93±3.66)%.②After six months of traditional training,the cadets’body mass and physical condition were significantly improved.③The questionnaire showed that 90%of the cadets took strength exercise at different frequencies,but the interval between endurance and strength training was not proper,for 52.49%of the cadets had training intervals of less than 2 hours.Conclusion The strength and endurance level of the cadets are not enough to meet the requirements of the flight load.The cadets are keen about self-training,but are inexperienced.It is necessary to explore high-efficiency training modes of the anti-loading physique of the cadets by combining the special flight technology with energy supply characteristics.There is the need to design training schemes that combine strength training with high intensity interval training(HIIT)to improve the anti-G related physical quality.