高原低氧对脑影像结构与脑功能的影响

Influence of high-altitude hypoxia on brain function and brain image structure

高原低氧从多方面对机体产生影响,而脑又是对氧需求最高的器官。因而,长时间高海拔低氧环境对脑功能,如记忆力、判断力、计算力、反应能力等产生一系列的影响,严重时可导致高原脑水肿等。目前,对于高原病的发病机制不甚明了,近年来随着神经影像技术的发展,利用磁共振成像(MRI)进行高原环境脑结构和功能的影像研究,取得了一系列新的进展,如急性和慢性高原暴露后脑总体积、脑灰质、白质体积以及脑血流、脑血管等都会发生不同程度的变化。该文综述了近年来高原低氧脑影像方面的研究成果,并对高原低氧致脑损伤的防护研究进行了展望。

High-altitude hypoxia affects the body in many ways,and the brain is the organ that needs oxygen the most.Therefore,prolonged exposure to the low oxygen environment at high altitude have a range of effects on brain functions involving memory,judgment,computing power and reaction.Severe cases can suffer from brain edema.The pathogenesis of acute mountain sickness(AMS)is still not very clear.In recent years,with the development of neuroimaging technology,a series of new advances have been made in imaging studies of brain structure and function in a high-altitude environment by magnetic resonance image(MRI).For example,after acute and long-term high-altitude exposure,the total volume of gray matter and white matter in the brain,as well as the cerebral blood flow and cerebrovascular blood vessels all change to different degrees.This review summarizes the research findings in the study of brain imaging in high-altitude hypoxia in recent years.A deeper understanding of the pathogenesis of AMS has been obtained,and a prospect is outlined for the research on the protection against brain injury caused by high-altitude hypoxia.