基于驾驶工作负荷的高海拔地区隧道照明亮度分析

Analysis of Tunnel Lighting Brightness in High-altitude Area Based on Driving Workload

为研究高海拔地区与平原区驾驶员驾驶工作负荷差异特性以得到适用于高海拔地区的隧道照明亮度需求,以及客观量化高海拔地区公路隧道照明设计与管理标准提供理论、方法与技术依据,基于驾驶员驾驶工作负荷理论,从驾驶视认安全、稳定和舒适性的角度,分别在道路运行条件相似的江西宜安Ⅱ级公路和青藏公路高原青藏段(公路-Ⅱ级)设计实车试验进行定量研究。1)运用CART分类方法分析实地驾驶试验数据,发现海拔高度与驾驶员正常行驶的驾驶工作负荷之间呈正相关关系:平原区驾驶员驾驶需求最低、驾驶工作负荷度最小,海拔高度3 200~3 300 m驾驶工作负荷度居中,海拔高度4 300~4 400 m驾驶工作负荷度最大。2)通过分析得到高海拔地区驾驶员驾驶工作负荷可根据海拔高度进行修正,得到修正系数和驾驶工作负荷度阈限。3)提出高海拔地区隧道照明视认需求相对于平原区的修正系数,海拔高度3 200~3 300 m时为1.2,海拔高度4 300~4 400 m时为1.8。4)得到不同海拔高度公路隧道各个特征段照明亮度设计标准。

In order to study the difference characteristics of driver′s driving workload between high-altitude area and plain area to obtain the tunnel lighting brightness requirements applicable to high-altitude area, and provide the theory, method and technical basis for objectively quantifying the design and management standards of highway tunnel lighting in high-altitude area, a quantitative study is carried out in the actual vehicle test of Jiangxi Yi′an second-class highway and Qinghai-Tibet second-class highway with similar road operation conditions from the perspective of driving safety, stability and comfort based on the driver′s driving workload theory.The tests and conclusions are drawn as follows:(1) By using CART to analyze the data from field driving test, it is found that there is a positive correlation between the altitude and the normal driving workload of drivers, i.e.the driving demand and driving workload of drivers at altitude of 4 300~4 400 m are the highest, followed by that at altitude of 3 200~3 300 m, and that at plain area are the lowest.(2) The driver′s driving workload can be modified according to the altitude, and the correction coefficient and the threshold of driving workload degree are obtained.(3) The correction coefficient of tunnel lighting recognition demand relative to plain area in high-altitude area is proposed, which is 1.2 at altitude of 3 200~3 300 m and 1.8 at altitude of 4 300~4 400 m.(4) The design standards of lighting brightness for each characteristic section of highway tunnel at different altitudes are obtained.