软件需求工程技术综述

Review on Technologies of Requirement Engineering of Software

需求工程作为软件项目的首个过程,它的实施质量很大程度上能决定软件项目的成败。80年代中期敏捷软件开发的出现使得需求工程从由计划驱动过渡到现在的由价值取动。此外,硬件性能的大幅提升与人工智能的再度兴起使自然语言处理的效率和规模与日俱增,需求工程更能本地易地利用自然语言处理来分析大量文本数据。物联网、边缘计算和大数据的出现使投资者和开发人员更容易获取到大量用户数据和商业信息,数据驱动的需求工程作为一种新概念也逐渐被业界所知。文中首先综述了需求工程的发展历程,包括从需求工程方法学开始,到面向对象建模,再到基于本体和面相特征的需求工程,以及与机器学习相关的自动化需求提取技术。随后重点介绍了3种需求工程相关的研究方向,包括需求工程中采用的自然语言处理方式和支持的部分语言类型,敏捷需求工程的发展历程以及近年提出的工具和方法,数据驱动的需求工程的概念、必要性、过程和近年主要采取的方法和实践。最后基于一些各国关于需求工程开展情况的报告,分析了需求工程近年遇到的困难和挑战,并对需求工程未来的发展进行展望。

As the first process of software project,requirements engineering’s implementation quality can determine whether a software project can success or not.Requirements engineering was put forward in the 1980sthe first time,and the model used also transited from the earliest process oriented model to the object-oriented model widely used in industry,and then to the serviceoriented model proposed and gradually promoted after 2004.In addition,with the rapid improvement of hardware performance and the resurgence of artificial intelligence,the efficiency and scale of natural language processing are increasing,which makes it easier for requirements engineering to use natural language processing to analyze large amounts of text data.The emergence of IoT,edge computing and big data makes it easier for investors and developers to obtain a large amount of user data and business information.As a new concept,data-driven requirements engineering is gradually known by the industry.This paper reviews the development history of requirements engineering at first,including requirements engineering methodology,object-oriented modeling,requirements engineering based on ontology and facial features,and automatic requirements extraction technology related to machine learning.Then it focuses on three research directions of requirements engineering,including the natural language processing methods and some supported language types,the development history,tools and methods proposed in recent years of agile requirements engineering,as well as the concept,necessity and process,the main methods and practices of data-driven requirements engineering in recent years.Finally,based on the reports on the development situations of requirements engineering in some countries,this paper analyzes the difficulties and challenges of requirements engineering in recent years,and prospects the future development of requirements engineering.