论生物安全法律规制的范式转变——从损害管理到风险治理

On the Paradigm Shift of Legal Regulation of Biosecurity: From Damage Management to Risk Governance

当前我国以损害管理为主的生物安全法律规制范式尚未全面、系统地贯彻风险预防理念,条块分割的管理体制导致主管部门与地方政府以及部门之间存在信息壁垒,缺乏协调与合作,且生物安全规制机制仍体现出浓重的行政规制色彩,生物安全风险预防制度体系也出现严重缺失,无法适应风险社会中保障生物安全的迫切需要。生态风险的客观性与不确定性,以及从环境管理向环境治理转型的实践需求则为生物安全法律规制范式从损害管理向风险治理的转变奠定了正当性基础。在具体进路上,生物安全法律规制范式从损害管理到风险治理的转变应当从风险预防原则的引领、生物安全风险合作治理、生物安全风险治理的制度建设等方面展开。

Presently,the concept of risk prevention,which is mainly based on damage management,is not comprehensively implemented in the legal regulation paradigm of biosecurity in our country.The fragmented management system has led to information barriers,lack of coordination and cooperation between local governments and departments,and the strong administrative regulation and the deficiency of biosecurity risk prevention system have also failed to ensure biosecurity in the risk society.The objectivity and uncertainty of ecological risk and the practical needs of the shift from environmental management to environmental governance have laid a legitimate foundation for the paradigm change of biosecurity legal regulation from damage management to risk governance.On the specific way,this shift should be carried out from the guidance of risk prevention principle,biosecurity risk cooperative governance,and institutional construction of biosafety risk governance,and so on.