热奈特的类文本理论及其效应

Gérard Genette’s Paratext Theory and Its Effects

杰拉德·热奈特的类文本理论受到中西方学界的关注与重视,一些学者对该理论进行了一定的补充和修正工作,也有不少学者将其用于文学研究。类文本理论视阈下,文学研究的对象为环绕于文本边缘的类文本要素,如作者的署名、序言、献词、题记、版权页信息等。将作者重新纳入批评视野,类文本理论有效修正了文本理论将文本与作者相割裂的不当做法;将出版商引入批评框架,类文本理论不仅拓展了传统文学批评体系,还起到限制读者过度阐释的目的。同时,类文本理论促进了叙事学的进一步发展,使文学研究从文本中心走向文本边缘,并将文学的内部研究和外部研究相结合,从而推进了文学批评理论的发展。鉴于类文本与文本的互存关系,某些类文本和文本之间的界限模糊不清,它们在具备类文本属性的同时,又不乏文本的属性,而这一特性又恰恰佐证了类文本之于文本而存续的重要性。

Since its appearance,Gérard Genette’s paratext theory has triggered greatconcern and attention from the Chinese and western critics.There are some scholars who have made some supplements and amendments to it,and also many of them apply it into literary criticism.From the perspective of paratext theory,the object of literary research is the paratexts surrounding the edge of the text,such as the author’s name,preface,dedication,epigraph,copyright page,etc.Re-incorporating the author into criticism,paratext theory effectively corrects the improper practice of separating the text from the author;introducing publishers into the framework of literary criticism,paratext theory not only expands the traditional literary criticism system,but also serves to limit readers’interpretation.At the same time,paratext theory promotes further development of narratology,makes literary research move from the center of text to edge,and combines the internal and external studies of literature,thus promoting the development of literary theory.In view of the interdependence between paratext and text,the boundaries between some paratexts and texts are blurred.While they possess the paratexts’attributes,they also have the texts’attributes,which proves the importance of the existence of paratext to text.