我国碳排放权交易制度变迁的逻辑——兼评《碳排放权交易管理暂行条例(征求意见稿)》

Logic of the Change of Carbon Emission Trading System in China: Comments on the Interim Regulations on the Administration of Carbon Emissions Trading (Draft for Soliciting Opinions)

碳排放权交易制度,是我国生态文明制度建设的重要内容,是我国在新时代引领全球温室气体减排、推动构建人类命运共同体的重要举措。碳排放权交易制度从无到有、从地方分散试点到全国集中立法的过程,构成了一个制度变迁过程,制度变迁理论对其是适用的、有解释力的、具有指导意义的。全球碳排放控制制度是国内碳排放权交易制度的国际制度背景,中国气候外交是将国际碳排放控制制度转化为国内制度的桥梁。国内碳排放权交易制度包括正式规则、非正式规则、实施特征三个方面。中国碳排放权交易制度的动力来源于具有客观基础、受到主观影响的相对价格变化,变迁过程符合对主体的行为假定,受到锁入效应和路径依赖的影响。在制定国家碳排放权交易制度时,需要考虑有关控制碳排放的国际制度,需要考虑我国在气候外交中能承担的支付能力以及在气候外交中体现出的支付意愿。在此基础上,还需要考虑国内的相对价格变化、行为假定、锁入效应、路径依赖等因素。

Carbon emissions trading system is an important part in the construction of China’s ecological civilization system,and it is also an important measure for China to take a lead in the global greenhouse gas emission reduction and build a community with a shared future for mankind in the new era.The process of carbon emissions trading system from scratch,from local decentralized pilot to national centralized legislation constitutes a process of institutional change,to which the theory of institutional change is applicable,explanatory and instructive.The global carbon emission control system is the international institutional background of the domestic carbon emissions trading system,and China’s climate diplomacy is the bridge to transform the international carbon emission control system into the domestic system.The domestic carbon emissions trading system includes three aspects:formal rules,informal rules and implementation characteristics.The driving force of China’scarbon emissions trading system comes from the relative price changes with objective basis and subjective influence,and the change process accords with the behavior assumption of the subject,and is affected by lock-in effect and path dependence.When formulating the national carbon emissions trading system,we need to consider the international system to control carbon emissions,the ability to pay in climate diplomacy and the willingness to pay in climate diplomacy.On this basis,we also need to consider the domestic relative price changes,behavior assumptions,lock-in effect,and path dependence and so on.