大数据地理信息系统:框架、技术与挑战

Big Data GIS:Framework, Technologies and Challenges

大数据都是在一定时间和空间中产生的,具有时间参照和空间参照两个基本特征。地理信息系统作为传统意义上时空数据采集、储存、管理、分析和显示的技术系统,为适应大数据环境也需要不断满足新的技术需求。从时空视角分析了大数据的基本特征,提出了大数据地理信息系统(简称"大数据GIS")的技术框架,总结了大数据采集、信息获取和智能服务等关键技术的研究进展。通过探讨大数据GIS在多模态信息理解、空间化处理、信息聚合和可视化分析等方面面临的机遇与挑战,为未来大数据GIS技术的科学研究和社会化应用提供参考。

Big data are generated in a certain time and space,and have two basic features of temporal reference and spatial reference.Geographic information system(GIS)is a traditional technology system for collecting,storing,managing,analyzing and displaying spatio-temporal data.In order to adapt to the era of big data,GIS also needs to meet the new technical requirements.In this paper,the basic characteristics of big data were analyzed from the spatio-temporal perspective.On this basis,the technical framework of big data GIS was proposed.Then,the research progress of key technologies such as big data collection,information acquisition and intelligent services was summarized respectively.Moreover,the opportunities and challenges of big data GIS in multi-modal information understanding,spatialization,information aggregation and visual analysis were discussed.Thus,this paper can provide references for the scientific research and social application of big data GIS in the future.