基于产量、品质和水氮利用效率的油橄榄水氮耦合方案优选

Priority of water-nitrogen coupling scheme for olive based on yield,quality,and water-nitrogen use efficiency

为了实现油橄榄增产稳产、提质增效和可持续发展,探究龙泉山区油橄榄栽培中高效的水氮耦合方案,本研究的大田定位试验以9年生格洛桑作为研究材料,设置灌水、施氮2个因素,4个灌水量(I1:50.00%I4;I2:66.66%I4;I3:83.33%I4;I4:90.00%θfc;θfc为田间最大持水量)和4个施氮水平(N1:0 kg/hm^(2)N;N2:150 kg/hm^(2)N;N3:300 kg/hm^(2)N;N4:450 kg/hm^(2)N),共16个处理。分析灌水、施氮及其耦合处理对油橄榄产量、橄榄油品质及水氮利用效率的影响,利用优劣解距离(TOPSIS)法对橄榄油品质进行综合分析与评价,以油橄榄鲜果产量、橄榄油品质及水氮利用效率为评价指标,通过综合评分法对各个处理进行综合评价,探寻油橄榄水分、氮肥管理的最优处理。结果表明,N1I2处理油橄榄鲜果产量最低(4333 kg/hm^(2)),N4I3处理油橄榄鲜果产量最高(11027 kg/hm^(2));水氮耦合处理对橄榄油品质的影响极显著,对灌溉水利用效率(iWUE)、油橄榄鲜果产量及氮肥偏生产力(NPFP)的影响不显著;由综合评分法求得本研究条件下的最优处理为N2I3处理,油橄榄鲜果产量为6293 kg/hm^(2),iWUE为52.44 kg/m^(3),NPFP为62.93 kg/kg;采用TOPSIS法进行油脂品质综合分析,发现N2I2处理得分最高,为0.787。本研究结果可为指导山区油橄榄高效、绿色生产提供理论依据。

In order to increase and stabilize the yield,improve the quality and efficiency,and achieve sustainable development of olive,we explored the efficient water and nitrogen coupling scheme in Longquan Mountain area,and used 9-year-old Grossane as the research material of field positioning experiment.We set four irrigation amounts(I1:50.00%I4;I2:66.66%I4;I3:83.33%I4;I4:90.00%θ_(fc);θ_(fc)was the the maximum water holding capacity in the field)and four nitrogen application levels(N1:0 kg/hm^(2)N;N2:150 kg/hm^(2)N;N3:300 kg/hm^(2)N;N4:450 kg/hm^(2)N),a total of 16 treatments.The effects of irrigation,nitrogen application and their coupling treatment on olive yield,olive oil quality and water and nitrogen use efficiency were analyzed.The quality of olive oil was comprehensively analyzed and evaluated by technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution(TOPSIS)method.The fresh fruit yield,olive oil quality and water and nitrogen utilization efficiency were used as evaluation indices.The comprehensive evaluation of each treatment was carried out by comprehensive scoring method to explore the optimal treatment of olive water and nitrogen fertilizer management.The results showed that the fresh fruit yield of olive under N1I2 treatment was the lowest(4333 kg/hm^(2)),and the fresh fruit yield of olive under N4I3 treatment was the highest(11027 kg/hm^(2)).The effects of water and nitrogen coupling treatment on the quality of olive oil were extremely significant,and the effects on irrigation water use efficiency(iWUE),fresh fruit yield and nitrogen partial factor productivity(NPFP)were not significant.According to the comprehensive scoring method,the optimal treatment under the conditions of this study was N2I3 treatment.The fresh fruit yield of olive was 6293 kg/hm^(2),iWUE was 52.44 kg/m^(3)and NPFP was 62.93 kg/kg.TOPSIS method was used to comprehensively analyze the oil quality,and it was found that N2I2 treatment had the highest score of 0.787.The results of this study can provide a theoretical reference for guiding the efficient and green production of olive in mountainous areas.