知识史视野下的清代温补之风

Wenbu Trends in Qing Dynasty from the Perspective of Knowledge History

温补是金元明医学精英发明和提倡的一种理论,进入清代,经过文化精英的宣传、身体观的区域化和阶层化、医界的普遍推崇及其背后的市场需求,演变为江南等地区盛行的温补之风。温补之风不仅造成了诸多医疗事故,也限制了社会对新兴温病学说的接受。医学精英在严厉批评温补之风的同时,进一步思考寒凉和温补两种治法的关系,指出温补学说是宋元以来医学精英对寒凉学说补偏救弊的结果,寒凉和温补两种治法并行不悖,不可偏执一方,须辨证论治。可见,医学的发展,不仅是医学理论的嬗变,社会文化也起到了不小的作用。

Wenbu(warming and restoring)was a theory invented and advocated by elite medical practitioners during the Jin,Yuan,and Ming dynasties.In the Qing Dynasty,through the promotion of cultural elites,the regionalization and stratification of the body view,the widespread admiration of the medical community,and the market demand behind it,it evolved into the prevailing Wenbu trend in regions such as Jiangnan.The trend of Wenbu has not only caused many medical accidents,but also limited society's acceptance of the emerging theory of warm diseases.Medical elites,while harshly criticizing the trend of Wenbu,further reflect on the relationship between the two treatment methods of coldness and warming,pointing out that the theory of Wenbu therapy was the result of medical elites'correction of the Hanliang(cold and cool)therapy theory since the Song and Yuan dynasties,and that the two treatment methods of coldness and warming were not contradictory and should not be biased towards one side.Treatment should be based on syndrome differentiation.It can be seen that the development of medicine not only involves the evolution of medical theory,but also plays a significant role in social culture.