中国古代公共卫生史的溯源研究

The Indispensable Role of Ancient Historical Elements in the Study of Public Health History

中国公共卫生问题仅仅“存在于近代”吗?是什么因素阻碍了公共卫生机制首先出现于中国?正如探讨民主思想、共和制度、科学体系在近代中国的落地生根一样,公共卫生在中国的接纳和发展史也必须追根溯源,从更早的历史阶段寻找根基。除了中国古代政府将瘟疫放在“天人感应”框架内予以消极应对之外,医学思想善归纳不善分析的气论一统局面、民间自治能力的阙如都是重要原因,卫生自古以来就是私人事务,无力上升为公共事务。但是,国民性中对威权的服从传统和对“智识”的敬仰崇拜又成为公共卫生机制落地生根、发展壮大的土壤。历史决定了民族性格,民族性格又会决定一个国家、民族面对疾病时的基本样貌。

Is the issue of public health exclusively a contemporary issue in China?What impediments originally stalled the development of public health infrastructures within the nation?An inquiry into this question necessitates an analogous approach employed in examining the inception and entrenchment of democratic ideologies,republican governance,and scientific paradigms in modern Chinese society.The historical acceptance and evolution of public health in China must be diligently contextualized within its antecedent epochs.The traditional governance's reactive stance towards pandemics,framed by doctrines of“heavenly mandate”and“cosmic sympathy”,was not the sole impeding factor.Predominant medical philosophies that favored holistic synthesis over analytic specificity,coupled with the Qi conceptualization,as well as a deficiency in communal autonomy,relegated health to the private sphere,precluding its progression to a public domain.Nonetheless,the national propensity for deference to authoritarian rule and a deepseated veneration of intellectualism have sown the seeds for the inception and flourishing of public health systems.The historical constitution of a national psyche,in essence,prescribes the basic disposition of a state or ethnic collective in confronting health crises.