期刊文献+

古巴比伦医学起源新解

A New Understanding of the Origins of Ancient Babylonian Medicine
原文传递
导出
摘要 由于巫术在医学和治疗中不甚明确的作用,人们对巴比伦医学的起源知之甚少。主要有两种职业会对疾病进行治疗:“巫师”(āsipu,exorcist)和“医生”(asu,physician),这两种职业都有各自的治疗策略,包括咒语和医疗处方。公元前第2千纪最早的证据表明,这两种互补的治疗方法之间存在着明显区别。到公元前第1千纪,巫师和医生治疗行为的区别却开始变得模糊,巫师所接受的训练往往包含医学知识,而医生的处方经常包含咒语。然而,最近出版的有关巫术(āsipūtu)和医术(asutu)的楔形文献表明,各类治疗方法代表了独立的学科,在各自特殊的治疗理论下使用咒语或处方。例如,巫术疗法采用诸如熏蒸之类的仪式,但避免使用医疗处方,而医学疗法则使用非巫术性质的咒语,这些咒语实质上是对疾病起源或由自然事件引起的疾病的病因学解释。这种情况表明,即使来自不同的专业领域,都包括诊断和预后,任何医者在治疗病人时都可以自由研究或加以运用。 The origins of Babylonian medicine have been poorly understood,because of confusion over the roles of magic within medicine and therapy.Treatments for illness were mainly divided between two professions,the“exorcist”(ashipu)and“physician”(asû),each with their own healing strategies involving incantations and medical prescriptions.While the earliest evidence from the second millennium BCE indicate clear distinctions between these complimentary approaches to therapy,by the first millennium BCE the divisions between the activities of the ashipu and asûbegin to blur,since the training of the exorcist involved knowledge of medicine,while the prescriptions of the physician regularly incorporated incantations.However,recently published cuneiform catalogues of exorcism(ashiputu)and medicine(asûtu)show that healing therapies represented separate identifiable disciplines,which utilised incantations or recipes within discrete idiosyncratic methodologies.For instance,exorcism employed rituals such as fumigation but avoided the use of medical recipes,while medicine used non-magical incantations which were essentially etiological explanations of how disease originated or was caused by natural events.The picture which emerges indicates separate areas of expertise,which also included diagnostics and prognostics,which any practitioner was free to study or use when treating a patient.
作者 王俊娜(译) 杨李琼(校) 谷操(校) Markham J.Geller(University College London)
出处 《医疗社会史研究》 2023年第2期47-69,361,共24页 Journal of Social History of Medicine and Health
基金 国家社科基金冷门“绝学”和国别史等研究专项“亚述帝国都城尼尼微出土医药文献整理与研究”(项目批准号:19VJX169)成果之一 欧洲研究理事会高级资助项目,项目编号为323596BabMed
  • 引文网络
  • 相关文献
;
使用帮助 返回顶部