中国当代医疗史研究的反思与拓展

Reflection and Expansion of Contemporary Chinese Medical History Research

医疗史伴随社会史的复兴进入史学视野,取得令人瞩目的成就。目前史学界对我国古代和近代医疗研究着力较多,对当代中国医疗关注较少。虽然当代中国医疗实践较早受到官方机构的重视,积累了丰赡的资料,多学科关注产生了一定的研究成果,具备一定的史料和学术基础,但论著多限于对国家医疗政策、卫生制度和事件的考究,缺乏对医疗与社会之复杂关系的深细解读,其经验性和学术性难以得到有效彰显。文章在回顾和反思当代中国医疗史研究现状与存在问题的基础上,尝试从医疗与物质空间、日常生活世界、医学现代转型及政治权力运作四个维度,对深化和拓展其研究提出自己的思考,以整体史的视野构筑研究视角和框架体系。同时主张借鉴多学科的方法,加强民间史料的收集、整理和运用,激活社会性历史素材,推动研究向纵深发展。

With the revival of social history,medical history entered the field of historiography and made remarkable achievements.At present,the historians pay more attention to the ancient and modern medical research in China,but pay less attention to the contemporary Chinese medical research.Although the medical practice in contemporary China has received early attention from of the official institutions,accumulated abundant data,produced certain research results with multidisciplinary attention,and had a certain historical data and academic foundation,most of the works are limited to the research of national medical policies,health systems and events,lacking a deep and detailed interpretation of the complex relationship between medical treatment and society,and its empirical and academic characteristics are difficult to be effectively demonstrated.On the basis of reviewing and reflecting on the current situation and existing problems in the research of contemporary Chinese medical history,this paper tries to put forward its own thinking on deepening and expanding the research from four dimensions,medical and material space,the daily life world,the modern transformation of medical science and the operation of political power,and constructs the research perspective and framework system from the perspective of holistic history.At the same time,it advocates using multidisciplinary methods,strengthening the collection,sorting and application of folk historical materials,activating social historical materials,and promoting the development of research in depth.