太平洋战争前后国民党军队营养状况与军事营养学的发展

The Status and the Development of Military Nutrition of Nationalist Troops Around the Pacific War

现代营养学随西方医学而来,曾为中国的国家建设与民族健康希望所寄。下迨抗战军兴,原本以“富国”为目的而推展之营养学研究蜕变为新目标“强兵”而服务。尽管中国兵法明训“兵马未动,粮草先行”,然现实中士兵饮食之差却是自古皆然,历来难以得到官方的重视。抗战军兴之初,中国兵食粗劣的情况一如从前,迨1940年代在美国医疗援助与联合军事行动的加持下,军事营养学研究方在中国展开。唯国民政府此时持续困窘于征粮不足、后勤制度落后,加上国人体质与饮食习惯差异,军事营养研究之设计为符现实,逐渐从太平洋战争前主张之“最低所需营养量”转为“最适营养量”。尽管如此,国民政府治下之军事营养成果仍因战事局限与经济社会凋敝,无力于前线及后方全面实施。

Following the spread of western medicine to China,modern nutritional studies had been seen a strategy to promote national building and population health.The goal to“rich state”by applying nutritional knowledge was altered to“strong soldier”after the outbreak of Sino-Japanese War.Despite of old Chinese saying“military logistics should go before troops”,the low quality of soldier's diet was constantly normal in Chinese long history.The authorities in China have never listed soldier's diet to their priority.The situation remained when the Anti-Japanese War started in 1937.The water was broken after the American aids arrived in the 1940s.Due to the hardship of food scarcity,outdated military logistics,and weak Chinese physique and bad dietary habits,the hypothesis of promoting nutritional research in China changed from finding the original“minimal requirement of nutrition”to the comprised“appropriate amount of intake”.