中西合作:1862年澳门地区霍乱流行及澳葡当局的组织应对

Chinese-Western Cooperation:The Cholera Epidemic in Macao region in 1862 and Macao region Portuguese Government Response

在19世纪全球化浪潮下,澳门地区被卷入全球第二次霍乱大流行的余波。1862年澳门地区暴发霍乱,澳葡当局从发现第一例疑似病人开始,立即通过医院对腹泻病人进行登记,在警察的协助下建立中西医登记通报机制,并实施隔离、消毒、中西医结合治疗、统计等系列举措,在一定程度上遏制了霍乱的蔓延。通过《1862年澳门地区流行性霍乱报告》对此次疫情防治的记载可以看到,澳葡当局实施殖民管治所面对的第一次大规模瘟疫流行,其防治工作采用了西方先进的防疫技术和方法,而葡籍医生以中西医疗法治疗染疫病人,为中国近代中西医结合诊治霍乱病人提供了“试验性”案例。澳葡当局此次防治霍乱所呈现的在重大公共卫生事件中“现代性”与“殖民性”杂糅的双重特性,为研究19世纪中下半叶全球实行殖民统治城市的瘟疫管治以及中国地方瘟疫防治提供了新视角和新样本。

The wave of global colonization during the 19th century,Macao region was involved in the aftermath of the second global Cholera epidemic.In 1862,Cholera broke out in Macao region.It was the first large-scale epidemic outbreak faced by the Macao region-Portuguese government after its colonial rule.The government responded in an orderly way and effectively controlled the epidemic of Cholera through a series of measures,including anatomy,registration and notification,quarantine and record reporting.During this process,the Macao region-Portuguese government showed the advanced international anti-epidemic capability.The Cholera epidemic report recorded the detailed information of the patient infected,fully demonstrated the scientific attitude and orderly work procedure.The behaver that the government doctor revealed their“contempt”for Chinese medicine,even gave the judgement“Cholera is an endemic disease in Macao region”showed the“colonial”perspective and the limitation of medical knowledge at that period.It opens a new perspective for understanding the modern society of Macao region,and also provided the new sample for studying on the plague control of colonial cities and China’s local cities in the late of 19^(th)century.