《千金方》“凡猪肉”条的文本源流及其影响

Textual Sources and Social Influences of the Qianjin Fang Entry on“fan zhurou”

传统本草学并不支持人们长期食用猪肉,《本草经集注》认为“凡猪肉……不可久食”,《千金方》则称“凡猪肉……有小毒”。但对贾公彦《周礼注疏》引用的相关文字进行考证,可以发现“凡猪肉”很可能是“牝猪肉”之讹。这一文字讹误被《唐本草》《政和本草》等后代权威本草书籍所沿袭,深刻地影响了此后数百年间的本草学者和士大夫对猪肉的认识。这一文字讹误最可能由《本草经集注》的某一系统抄本生成并随着本草书籍的“递修”而不断产生影响,在本草文献学上具有典型意义。尤其是被称为本草文献渊薮的《政和本草》的主体部分是层累地构成的,保存着诸多类似“凡猪肉”这样的讹误,这说明经历代“递修”而成的权威本草文献,在保留了前代本草内容的同时,也留下了许多在“递修”中产生的问题。

Traditional herbology does not support the long-term consumption of pork,especially sow meat.One of the hand-written editions of theBencaojing Jizhumisrepresented“sow meat”(fan zhurou)as“all pork”.Qianjin Fang,or Prescriptions Worth A Thousand in Gold,rendered the meaning as“all pork has a little poison”.This misconception was inherited by many medical texts in later generations,such as theTang Bencaoand theZhenghe Bencao,and profoundly influenced herbal medicine scholars and doctors for centuries to come.The impact of this textual misrepresentation is typical,especially for theZhenghe Bencao,which is the foundation of herbal literature,where many errors like“all pork”are preserved.This is because theZhenghe Bencaopreserves the authoritative texts and their mistakes of the previous generations,and new problems occur when the texts are transmitted in later generations.This prompts us to use discretion in order to make a better use of theZhenghe Bencaofor research.