古巴精神病机构的政治学:现实与寓意

The Politics of Psychiatric Institutions in Cuba and Beyond

古巴第一家,也是1959年前唯一的公立精神病院马佐拉成立于1857年,长期以来在古巴国内外的政治纷争和大众想象中占有重要地位。古巴的改革者,尤其是1959年的革命者,都曾象征性地收回该精神病院,将其打造成旧社会黑暗的标志和未来乌托邦理想的熔炉。而真实的马佐拉精神病院经历了一个长时期的演变过程,在这一过程中,其公众形象也随着政治局势而不断发生变化。

This article charts the history of Mazorra,Cuba's first and,until 1959,only public psychiatric hospital.The asylum,founded in 1857,has long occupied a prominent position in political debates and popular imaginaries in Cuba and beyond.Each generation of Cuban reformers,most notably the revolutionaries of 1959,symbolically reclaimed the asylum,refashioning it as an icon of Cuba's ignominious past and a crucible of future utopias.This chapter will thus employ a long chronological arc(1857 to 1980)to chart the evolution of Mazorra in dialogue with the history of the Cuban state,from one of Spain's last colonies to a nominally sovereign republic under U.S.oversight and a revolutionary nation after 1959.