国际卫生实验室:中美洲的洛克菲勒基金会和钩虫病(1890—1930)

The Laboratory of International Health:The Rockefeller Foundation and Hookworm Disease in Central America,1890-1930

本文基于洛克菲勒基金会在中美洲治理钩虫病的案例分析,简要梳理了该基金会于1913年至1930年在拉丁美洲和加勒比地区开展的国际公共卫生先驱行动。钩虫病的特点使其成为国际卫生工作完美的“切入点”,可系统地向农村民众推广卫生学和细菌学理论,在基金会退出对象国后,对象国的政府和医学界能继续推动由国家主导的公共卫生工作,并与国际医疗机构保持联系。这一任务能获得成功的主要原因之一是,在基金会进入之前,许多对象国的相关部门业已从事钩虫病的科学研究和治疗。

The article provides a summary account of the Rockefeller Foundation's(RF)pioneering international public health missions from 1910-1930 on Latin America and the Caribbean.The argument is based on a close analysis of the RF treatment of hookworm disease.Peculiarities of hookworm disease made it seem the perfect“entering wedge”for international health work designed to introduce hygiene and germ theory to rural people in a systematic fashion,and to get host states and medical communities to continue state-led public health efforts and maintain international connections after the RF phased out its direct presence.One of the main reasons this system successfully took shape is because sectors within many host polities had already engaged in hookworm science and treatment prior to the RF's arrival.