再识“卫生”:基于中国卫生史研究的思考

Re-thinking “Hygiene”: An Overview of the Research on Chinese Hygiene History

"卫生"是一个与我们的生活息息相关的词语,其本身也是现代文明的象征。从现代"卫生"的形成过程来看,卫生不仅具有西方社会所赋予的现代含义,还有中国传统社会自身所孕育的特性。换言之,卫生不单有现代性,还有传统性。目前的中国卫生史研究,不仅进一步剖析卫生现代性的内涵,而且开始考察现代卫生体系构建过程中的传统卫生因子与社会力量。同时,从史学研究的新视角对卫生现代性进行省思,批判近代卫生借"科学"之名控制人的身体及其拓展殖民权力的行为。由此可见,卫生已不再是此前人们所熟知的卫生,而是以新的面貌呈现在世人眼前。

The word"hygiene"is one that is closely related to our lives and a symbol of modern civilization.From its formation period,modern"hygiene"not only has its modern meaning which originates from western culture,but also has those characteristics indicative of traditional Chinese society.In other words,modern hygiene not only has its"modernity",but also includes its"conventionality".The current research on the history of Chinese hygiene not only analyzes the connotation of the hygienic"modernity",but also begins to investigate the traditional hygienic factors and social forces.Meanwhile,scholars in the field have begun to reflect upon the hygienic"modernity"from a new perspective via their historical research,criticizing the overwhelming influence of modern hygiene on the individual’s body and its colonial historical background.