狱、疫与公共卫生:民国时期上海女监的卫生及疫病防治问题研究

Prison,Epidemic and Public Health: A Study on the Health and Disease Prevention of Female Prison in Shanghai during the Period of the Republic of China

监所是羁押人犯的特殊场所,众多人犯聚居一处,监内卫生及疫病的防治事项极为重要,这不但事关人犯个体的生命安全,而且与社会公共卫生利益密切相关,同时,还具有对人犯的规制、感化教养等多方面的意义。因此,民国时期,国民政府司法行政部对监所卫生防疫问题较为重视,在部令的督饬之下,上海女监对监内女犯尤其是特殊的孕犯、随母在监婴幼儿等群体的卫生及疫病防治做出了努力,也取得了成效。不过,经费不足、监内空间逼仄及人犯拥挤等因素的存在,严重影响和削弱了上海女监在卫生防疫方面相关举措效能的发挥。

The problem of prison sanitation and disease prevention is extremely important.It is closely related not only to the life of individual prisoners but also to the public health of the society.At the same time,it also has a variety of implications to the regulation of offenders,probation and education.For such a reason,during the Republic of China the Ministry of Justice and Administration of the National Government paid great attention to the health and epidemic prevention of prisons.Under the supervision of the ministerial order,the Shanghai Female Prison had made great efforts that were favorable to it’s Female prisoners,especially those who were pregnant,and the infants and young children who were accompanying their mothers.All these efforts were fruitful,but due to such factors as the insufficient funding,the limited prison space and the crowded prisoners,the effectiveness of the measures taken by the prison was weakened.