粉疗金疮:琥珀在南方丝绸之路上的传播及其药用发展研究

A Study on the Spread and Medicinal Development of Amber on the Southern Silk Road

丝绸之路是古代中国通往境外的主要商道。自改革开放以来,随着研究的不断深入,除了传统意义上的北方丝绸之路和海上丝绸之路,学界提出还存在南方丝绸之路和草原丝绸之路。新中国成立以来在各条丝路沿线开展了一些考古发掘,出土了丰富的文物资料。其中,琥珀作为一种名贵且不可再生的有机宝石被发现在各丝路沿线的一些墓葬之中。本文通过整理有关出土琥珀的文献及考古材料,在研究南方丝绸之路的视域下,最大限度地还原早期琥珀通过南方丝绸之路传播的过程,并探讨其发现和应用情况。琥珀作为南方丝绸之路上极为珍贵的商品,最早是在约为商周时期的三星堆一号祭祀坑中被发现的。在战国至东汉时期,琥珀被贵族阶层作为佩饰使用。汉魏之际的文献记载,三国时孙吴中期逐渐开始用琥珀进行外伤治疗。及至唐宋乃至后世,医家对于琥珀的药用疗效有了更深层次的认知与应用,治疗疾病的种类也不断增多,而这都归因于南方丝绸之路及其他各条丝路的畅通和沿线的安定。

The Silk Road is the main trade route of ancient China to the outside world.Since 1978,with further researches,other than the traditional Northern Silk Road and Maritime Silk Road,scholars also have proposed the existence of the Southern Silk Road and the Grassland Silk Road.A number of archaeological excavations had been carried out along these Silk Roads and a wealth of cultural relics had been unearthed since 1949.Among these treasures,amber as a rare and non-renewable organic gem was founded in a number of tombs along these Silk Roads.This article on the view of Southern Silk Road,try to draw a picture about the transmission of amber through the Southern Silk Road in early age and discuss its discovery and application by sorting out the documents and archaeological materials.Amber as the most precious commodity on the Southern Silk Road was founded in No.1 Pit(about B.C.1600-221)of San Xing Dui,From Warring States to Eastern Han Dynasty,amber was favored by aristocracies.At the age of The Three Kingdoms,People in Wu gradually began to use amber for trauma treatment.In Tang and Song Dynasties and later generations,healers knew deeper about amber in its application and treatment,which could cure much more diseases.This was attributed to the peace circumstances in these Silk Roads especially in the Southern One.