新女性和现代医学:“德国性”在民国时期上海私立助产学校的魅力

New Women and Modern Medicine: The Allure of “Germanness” at Private Midwifery Schools in Republican Shanghai

本文意在重新审视民国时期留德中国人在上海创办的最早培养助产士的同德、中德和大德三所助产学校。文章将从这三所学校的教师构成、学校董事会、课程、公开演讲分析,揭示学校创始人和学生如何借鉴国外医疗实践和德国式的助产训练。本文认为通过在中国宣扬留德医疗人员以前保留的"德国性",这些医生和助产士不仅促进了中国化的科学现代性,也为重新定义医疗行业和中国社会中的女性角色做出了贡献。

This paper offers new insights into some of the earliest programs to train midwives in Republican Shanghai initiated by the German-educated Chinese founders of the Tongde,Zhongde and Dade Midwifery School.The analysis of the teaching body,the school board,the curriculum,and the public presentation of the three schools sheds light on how the school founders and their students appropriated foreign medical practices and a German model of midwifery training.It is argued that through flaunting a"Germanness"previously reserved to German medical staff in China,these physicians and midwifes not only laid claim to a Chinese version of scientific modernity,but also contributed to a redefinition of the role of women within medical occupations and within Chinese society in general.