人体骶尾骨的动脉供应——骨内部分

THE ARTERIAL SUPPLY OF THE HUMAN SACRUM AND COCCYX——INTRA-OSSEOUS PART

用解剖、透明、腐蚀铸型和X线摄片等方法,研究了68具不同年龄新鲜尸体骶尾骨的骨内动脉供应。骶骨椎体的营养动脉由椎体腹侧面、背侧面和两外侧面进入。中央支支数恒定,是骶椎体的主要营养动脉。周围支支数不恒定,主要分布于椎体周围部。骶椎体动脉的配布可分为腹侧优势型、背侧优势型和均衡型。腹侧优势型多见于S_(4)和S_(5);背侧优势型多见于S_(1)~S_(3)。成人以腹侧优势型多见,胎儿则以背侧优势型多见。均衡型在不同年龄组均较少见。腹侧和背侧营养动脉主要分布于椎体中央,外侧营养动脉分布于椎间孔附近的骨质。椎体内动脉大多吻合成网状。骶骨外侧部的营养动脉分别由腹侧、背侧和内侧面进入。背侧营养动脉管径粗,是外侧部的主要营养动脉。尾骨血液供应较差,营养动脉主要由腹侧面进入。

The arterial supply of the human sacrum and coccyx was studied in 68 fresh cadavers of different ages by dissection,clearing,casting and radiography.The nutrient arteries of the sacral vertebrae penetrate the body from the dorsal,ventral and lateral surfaces of the body.The central branches are the main nutrient arteries of the body.Their numbers are constant and do not increase with the advancement of age.The peripheral branches are variable and supply only the outer collar of the body.According to the distribution of nutrient artery within the body of the sacrum,they can be classified into three types 1.predominant ventral nutrient artery pattern,2.predominant dorsal nutrient artery pattern and 3.balanced nutrient artery pattern.It is found that in S_(4)and S_(5),type 1 occurs more frequently while type 2 occurs usually in S_(1)to S_(3).Type 1 is relatively common in adults but type 2 is prevailing in fetuses.There is few balanced pattern in different age groups.Both ventral and dorsal nutrient arteries are distributed in the central zone of the body and the lateral nutrient arteries supply that portion near the intervertebral foramen in the adults.The nutrient arteries within body anastomose with each other to form a dense arterial network.The nutrient arteries of the lateral part of the sacrum enter the bone through its ventral,dorsal and medial aspects.Among the dorsal nutrient arteries,there is a main artery that supplies the lateral mass.The arterial supply to the coccyx is scarce.It enters the coccyx mainly through the ventral surface.