枢椎齿状突的动脉供应

ARTERIAL SUPPLY OF THE ODONTOID PROCESS OF THE AXIS

本文用解剖、透明和X线动脉造影等方法,研究了48具尸体中不同年龄枢椎齿状突的动脉供应,其结果如下:一、齿状突除直接接受椎动脉的上行分支——前升动脉和后升动脉外,还间接接受咽升动脉水平分支的供应。这些动脉在齿状突周围构成独特的吻合形式,其上方呈弓状(即为顶弓)。二、齿状突的营养动脉分二组:基底部营养动脉和尖部营养动脉。前者从基底部前外侧面和背侧面的中央区进入,每侧多为1支(81.94+3.21%);后者从尖部上方进入,多见2支(69.44±7.68%)。在新生儿、儿童和成人,基底部营养动脉的外径(mm)分别为0.09~0.15、0.16~0.19、0.24~0.29,尖部营养动脉的外径(mm)则各为0.03~0.06、0.06~0.10,0.10~0.14。三、齿状突骨内动脉的配布,因年龄而不同。小于12岁的标本中,齿状突尖部骨化尚未完成,基底部和尖部的营养动脉不存在吻合。成人的齿状突已全部骨化,突内各动脉之间吻合成网状,其中以基底部处最为致密。

The arterial supply of the human odontoid process was studied in 48 cadavers of different ages by dissection,clearing,and radiologic methods.The results were as follows:1.The odontoid process obtains its blood supply directly from the anterior and posterior ascending arteries arising from the vertebral artery and indirectly from the horizontal arteries arising from the ascending pharyngeal artery.Around the odontoid process these arteries form a peculiar anastomosis,the upper part of which is called the apical arch.2.There are two groups of nutrient arteries,the basal and the apical nutrient arteries,in the odontoid process.The basal nutrient arteries penetrate into the process at the base through the anterolateral aspect and the central part of the posterior aspect,mostly 1 branch(81.94±3.21%)from either side.The apical nutrient arteries enter it at the apex,and are usually divided into 2 branches(69.44±7.68%).The outer diameters of the basal nutrient arteries in the new horns,the children,and the adults are 0.09~0.15mm,0.16~0.19mm,0.24~0.29 mm,and those of the apical nutrient arteries are 0.03~0.06mm,0.06~0.10mm,and 0.10~0.14 mm respectively.3.The pattern of arterial distribution within the odontoid process varies with the age.In subjects under twelve years the apex of the process has not yet ossified completely,and no anastomosis can be found between the arteries at the base and those at the apex.In adults ossification has been completed.The intraosseous arteries connect with each other and form an anastomosis network,which is most abundant at the base.