股骨滋养孔及滋养动脉

THE DIAPHYSEAL NUTRIENT FORAMINA AND THE NUTRIENT ARTERIES OF THE FEMUR IN CHINESE

一、测量170对股骨,共340侧,包括骨的长度、中点矢状径、横径及周径。观察了滋养孔,孔的数目、位置及方向都比较恒定。滋养孔无一例缺乏,但四孔和五孔滋养孔罕见。滋养孔在纵向上,多位于股骨的中1/3(71.50%);横向上多位于股骨后面(98.62%),两侧股骨滋养孔在纵向及横向上都对称的不多(7.06%)。滋养孔口径一般比较大。绝大多数(98.44%)的滋养孔通向近侧。二、解剖出股骨滋养动脉100例。股骨滋养动脉大多数起自股深动脉各穿支,发现部分滋养动脉由股深动脉终末支直接形成或由股动脉下段发出,长度平均为1.16 cm,外径平均1.51 mm。其行径较为恒定,居大收肌深面,多半在股骨粗线处进入滋养孔。三、经动脉造影的婴幼儿股骨标本X线照像上,观察了股骨滋养动脉在骨内的分布情况。

The diaphyseal nutrient foramina have been examined in 340 femora of Chinese adult skeletons.The length and diameter of these femora were also measured.Double nutrient foramina were often seen on femora in 54.70%of all cases.The nutrient foramina of the femur were usually situated on the posterior surface,near the linen aspera within the middle third of the femur shaft.The nutrient arteries of the femur have been dissected and observed in 100 cases.They usually arose from the perforating branches of the profunda femoril artery,less commonly direct from the profunda femoril and rarely from the lower segment of the femoral artery.The course of the nutrient arteries was constant,The arteries ran under the adductor magnus muscle,and through the nutrient foramina which lay on or near the linen aspera of the femur.The course and distribution of the nutrient arteries in the marrow cavity have been examined on X-ray films prepared from specimens of which the vessels were injected with radio-opaque material.The single nutrient artery constantly ran obliquelly downwards through the nutrient canal into the marrow cavity and divided into an ascending and a descending branch.In case of double nutrient arteries,the ascending and descending branches were derived from separate origins.