人体壁胸膜的血管及毛细血管

BLOOD VESSELS AND CAPILLARIES OF THE HUMAN PARIETAL PLEURA

使用墨汁及红色乳胶注射、透明和组织切片铺片等方法,研究了童尸及婴尸壁胸膜的血管和毛细血管。壁胸膜是由肋间动脉、胸廓内动脉、膈下动脉、支气管动脉、食管动脉、甲状颈干(肋颈干)及锁骨下动脉的分支供应。进入胸膜的动脉分为直接支和间接支两组。直接支发自上述的动脉,口径粗大;间接支则是肋骨骨膜、胸固有肌、膈肌、大血管及食管等的营养动脉的分支.在肋胸膜的椎旁区、腋中线上区及锁骨中线上区,直接支较多,单位面积血管数少。它们从肋骨的上下缘进入胸膜。在胸膜内行距远,初级动脉弓的网孔大。壁胸膜的毛细血管网的密度在纵隔区、椎旁区、胸膜顶、胸骨旁区最高,因为该处有丰富的胸膜脂肪组织血管丛。在心包基底附近及椎旁区的胸膜脂肪血管丛突入胸膜腔内,形成血管突起;在主动脉区、心包、膈及肋间隙等部位的壁胸膜,缺少胸膜脂肪血管丛,可能与活动度大有关。壁胸膜的毛细血管床分主干型及分散型,后者占绝大多数。后毛细血管与前毛细血管间存在一定的距离,并且后毛细血管之间有吻合。在胸膜顶有集合小静脉或毛细血管汇合。

This paper presented a detailed observation on the morphological patterns of thearterial origin and the microcirculation in the parietal pleura of children andinfants.Specimens after injections with Chinese ink and red latex,dissection underbinocular microscope,clearing in toto and tissue-film preparation were observedSome tissue blocks were removed from different parts of the parietal pleura,sec-tioned,cleared and stained for microscopic examination and photomicrography.1.The parietal pleura is supplied by small arteries from several sources:intercostals,internal thoracic,inferior phrenic,bronchial,esophageal,thyrocervicaltrunk and branch from subclavian artery.2.The arterial branches which enter the parietal pleura may be divided intodirect and indirect ones.The direct branches are derived from the above mentionedarteries and their caliber is greater than that of the indrect branches.The indirectbranches are from the nutrient arteries of ribs,internal intercostal muscles,aorta,esophagus,and so on.In the region along the paravertebral line,or in the upperparts along the mid-axillary line and the mid-clavicular line,there are many directbranches entering the costal pleura;but the number of the arterial branches in agiven area is small.The vessel pattern within these costal pleurae manifests itself bya longer distance,coarser anastomoses,between branches,and wider primary arcade.But it is quite the contrary in the lower parts along the mid-axillary line and mid-clavicular line where the indirect branches are great in number and their caliber issmaller.3.The densest capillary networks were observed in the mediastinal pleura,in thecupula as well as in the costal pleura along the paravertebral line and the paras-ternal line,because a great number of vascular plexuses of the adipose tissue arelocated there.About the base of the pericardium and in the costal pleura along theparavertebral line,some adipose folds projecting into the pleural cavity and formingvascular processes contain arterial arcades and capillary loops(convolutes).4.In our ink injected preparation,Zweifach’s preferential channel is notfrequently seen.The majority of the capillary bed in the parietal pleura is the typewithout a parent stem.Collecting venules with a“carrot root”form can be observedin the cupula pleura.