人脑皮质运动语言中枢的形态结构的观察

AN OBSERVATION ON THE HISTOLOGICAL STRUCTURE OF THE MOTOR SPEECH CENTER OF THE HUMAN CEREBRAL CORTEX

本文对3例中国人脑运动语言中枢(Broca氏区)的大脑皮质标本分别进行Nissl氏法、Weil氏法以及Golgi氏法染色,显微镜观察。比较了各脑右侧大脑半球对应区皮质的异同并分别测量其皮质以及皮质各层的厚度。同时测量了1例人脑左右两侧对应区第Ⅱ层及第Ⅴ层锥体细胞的高和宽。结果为:1.从另1例运用Mülligan法染色显示大脑皮质与白质分界的整装切片中,测得皮质厚度约在3.5~5.0μm之间。2.显微制片测得各层厚度(mm)为:0.17(Ⅰ)+0.11(Ⅱ)+1.06(Ⅲ~Ⅴ)+1.52(Ⅵ)=2.86(以上为左侧);0.15(Ⅰ)+0.10(Ⅱ)+0.87(Ⅲ~Ⅴ)+1.50(Ⅵ)=2.62(以上为右侧)。3.第Ⅱ层锥体细胞高与宽(μm)之比为16.84±4.46/9.50±2.32(左侧);15.60±4.56/8.88±2.03(右侧)。4.第Ⅴ层锥体细胞高与宽(μm)之比为56.90±7.99/14.79±3.26(左侧);49.80±9.08/14.67±7.85(右侧)。其高度有非常显著差别(P<0.01),而宽度则无显著意义(P>0.05)。5.在6,400μm之正方形面积内(切片厚10μm),分子层细胞之密度左侧平均13.0个,右侧平均11.7个。6.此区锥体细胞最大者均不超过60μm的,故无Betz细胞。另外浅层中尚有Cajal氏水平细胞,深层中尚有Martinotti氏细胞、星形细胞以及梭形细胞等。

Three Chinese adult brains were selected for the study of the histological struc-ture of the cerebral cortex of the Broca’s area with a comparison between thecorresponding parts of both hemispheres.Nissl’s staining,Weil’s and Golgi’s techniqueswere employed for the microscopic examination.The results are as follows:(1)The thickness of the cortex of the Broca area in the specimen stained byMülligan’s method is in the range of 3.5 mm to 5.0 mm.(2)The thickness measurements of the six layers in the thickest cortex are 0.17mm(Ⅰ),0.11 mm(Ⅱ),1.06 mm(Ⅲ~Ⅴ),1.52 mm(Ⅵ)and in total 2.86 mm inthe left hemisphere,and 0.15 mm(Ⅰ),0.10 mm(Ⅱ),0.87 mm(Ⅲ~Ⅴ),1.50 mm(Ⅵ),and in total 2.62 mm in the right hemisphere respectively.(3)The ratio of height/width of pyramidal cells in the second layer are 16.84±4.46μm/9.50±2.32μm in the left hemisphere and 15.60±4.56μm/8.88±2.03μmin the right hemisphere respectively.(4)The ratio of the height/width of the pyramidal cells in the fifth layer are56.90±7.99μm/14.79±3.26μm in the left hemisphere and 49.80±9.08μm/14.67±7.88μm in the right hemisphere respectively.There is a very significant difference(P<0.01)between the height,however no significant difference(P>0.05)betweenthe widths of the pyramidal cells of the two hemispheres.(5)Within an area of 6400μm~2 of a section 10μm in thickness,in the firstmolecular layer,there are 13.0 cells in the left hemisphere and 11.7 cells in the righthemisphere respectively.(6)In this area all of the pyramidal cells are not exceeding 60μm in height,hence there is no Betz cells.In addition to the large population of pyramidal cells,there are cajal horizontal cell,Martinotti cells,fusiform cells,etc.